mahabharat_in_english

MAHA BHARAT - VIRATA PARVA - SECOND CHAPTER.

2007-09-30T10:40:00.000-07:00

MAHABHARAT

VIRATA PARA

DVITEEYAASVAASA

(Second Chaper

written by Tikkanaamaatya).

Saint Vaisampaayana continued to tell Janamejaya, the story of Mahabharat.

Dharmaja, in the court of Virata, was spending time playing dice games and exhibiting his adept in the mysteries of dice. He was distributing among his brothers, the wealth he won from Virata, by playiNg dice game.

Bheemaa, on his part, distributing the remaining cooked food and meat to all his brothers.

Arjuna was giving to all his brothers the moneys he earned by exhibiting his talent in singing and dancing.

Nakula and Sahadeva also was earning moneys while discharging their duties and distributing them among their brothers, the moneys they earned.

Droupadi herself, in pitiable condition, was looking after all those brothers and behaved in such a way as to remain unrecognised.

Thus, four months passed. There was a grand festival in the City of Virata. There came athletes from all quarters by thousands. Amongst them, there was one by name Jeemoota, who towered above the rest and challenged the wrestlers in the court of Virata, to a combat.

He told the King "I have visited many places. There was none even to approach me. Is there anybody in your country to combat with me" challenged that athlet.

All the wrestlers in the court of Virata stood sad. Virata was very much annoyed. Dharmaja came to his rescue

"O King Virata! while I was associated with King Yudhishtira, there was one wrestler in his court. That wrestler is now working as cook in your kitchen. He defeated many wrestlers in the combat" said Dharmaja.

King Virata ordered Valala to combat with that great wrestler. Valala looked at his brother, Yudhishtira. Yudhishtira expressed his consent by a knod.

Both of them were possessed of great courage and terrible prowess. They began to fight with each other. Beehama roared like a lion and jumped upon him. Various were the modes of attack and defence that they exhibited with their clenched fists. Each dashed against the other and flung his adversary to a distance. They slapped each other with their palms that struck as hard as thunderbolt.

At last, the powerful Bheema struck Jeemoota on his nose and throw him away and defeated him. Virata gave Valala many presents for defeating Jeemoota. Valala distributed all those moneys to poor and needy and retired to his kitchen.

In this manner, King Virata made him to fight with wrestlers and where there were no wrestlers, with lions and elephants, for the pleasure of the ladies in the inner apartments.

The time was passing on. The one year Ajnaata vaasa was coming to an end within few days. One day, the Commander of Virata Forces, by name Kichaka, chanced to behold Malini, when he visited his sister Sudheshna, wife of King Virata.

Beholding Malini, Kichaka was afflicted with the shaft of Manmadha, and desired to possess her. He felt that his life was waste without her. He was burning with desire's flame.

Droupadi was very much annoyed with the lustful looks of Kichaka. At that time she was wearing a soiled saree. But Kichaka did not care even for his Sister Sudheshna and the servant maids. He was staring at Malini with lustful looks.

After some time, he came to senses and greeted his sister Sudheshna. "Sister Susheshna! Who is this beautiful lady? Whose she is? When she has come and from where? She had never before been seen by me in your abode. This damsel maddens me with its beauty." said Kichaka.

Without waiting for the answer, he apprached Droupadi. "O beautiful lady! who are you? What is your name? Who are your parents? Who is your husband?" asked Kichaka.

Droupadi kept quiet without giving answer.

"O fair lady! Your beauty maddens me. I wish to touch you but my hands are shivering. You lady of exceeding beauty, I am subjected to the shafts of Manmadha. I will forsake all my older wives. Let them become your slaves." said Kichaka under the influence of lust.

With these words of Kichaka, Droupadi grew angry. But she does not want to hasten. "O brother! I am in many troubles. Look at me and my soiled clothes. Your are great. You got a beautifl sister. Treat me also as your sister. I was born in a low caste. I worship my husbands. You should not speak like this" said Droupadi.

Kichaka lost control over his senses and overcome by lust. "You should not speak like that. Your beauty maddemed me. You are not a lady of low caste. I can bear the sin which will be afflicted by adultery but I could not control the flaming fire kindled by Manmadha." said Kichaka

Droupati could not control herself any more "O Kichaka! Dont act so foolishly and dont throw away your life. Know that I am protected by my five husbands, Gandharvas. You cannot have me. Enraged, they will slay you." cautioned Droupadi.

"O young lady! Not only your husbands, Gandharvas, there is no one on the earth who rivals me in beauty, vigour, valour, youth, prosperity. Know that none can defeat me" said Kichaka.

"O foolish Kichaka! Dont you know, in the past, Ravana and other raakshasas died for the sake of wives of others." said Droupadi with anger and went away.

Sudheshna was observing all these developments. "Kichaka is afflicted with maddening lust. I do not know what will happen to him. What can I do? Any how I will try my level best" thought Sudheshna.

"Brother Kichaka! There are several beautiful ladies in your inner apartments for your plealsure. Why you desire a female servant of low attraction employed in the despicable office of dressing hair. Kindly heed my words" said Sudheshna.

"Sister Sudheshna! There is none on earth who is more beautiful than this lady. It is true. Her eyes, her hands, her legs, her voice, her body curves, are so marvellous. I desire her. By whatever means, I want her" said Kichaka.

"Brother Kichaka! Heed my words. Dont be foolish. With this act, your health, wealth, life and fame will diminish. Virtuous people will never uphold it. It is not wise. Besides that, how can you enjoy sensual pleasures wih that lady with the fear in mind that if any body knows it, you will be defamed; or her husbands may at any time kill you. Therefore, adultery is not safe. I am more afraid of her five husbands. Kindly forget her" said Sudheshna. Kichaka did not heed the words of Sudheshna.

Kichaka turned to his sister Sudheshna "Do you so act that your sairandhri may come into my arms. Do you adpet the means by which the damsel may accept me." said Kichaka.

"He is a fool. He will never heed my words. His death is imminent, either in the hands of her husbands, Gardharvas or in the hands of Manmadha with his lustful desires." thought Sudheshna.

"Brother Kichama! Certainly I will do it. Dont worry. I shall send Malini to you on the pretext of bringing some wine and when she comes, you may convince her. She may incline her mind to you" said Sudheshna.

Satisfied with her reply, Kichaka went away. Kichaka made arrangements for a grand dinner with several eatables and drinks. He granted leave to all the servants and sent them away so that nobody will be present in his palace. At a beautiful place he was waiting for the arrival of Malini, imagining the sensual pleasures he will enjoy with Malini.

There, Sudheshna called Malini "Malini! I am feeling thirsty. Best quality wine is available at the residence of my brother Kichaka. Please go there immediately and bring some wine for me" said Sudheshna.

On hearing these words, Malini shivered. "I shall not go to the palace of Kichaka. You know how shameless he is. In your palace, I shall not be able to lead a lustful life becoming faithless to my husbands. Please remember the conditions I set down before entering your house. The foolish Kichaka, on seeing me, will insult me. Therefore I will not go to his quarters. Many maids are there under you. Send one of them" requested Malini.

"No. I am sending you to bring my favourite wine. How can I send some low class people for this purpose. The palace of Kichaka is not alien to you. He is my own brother. Sent by me, from my house, surely he will not harm you. Dont worry" said Sudheshna.

Malini, filled with apprehensions, and weeping, mentally prayed for the protection of Gods and went to the abode of Kichaka for fetching wine.

She prayed Sun God "As I do not know another person other than my husbands, by virtue of that truth, let Kichaka not be able to overpower me although I may approach his presence". Lord Surya considered her prayer and commanded a Rakshasa (demon) to protect her invisibly. Thus commanded, from that moment, the Rakshasa began to attend upon that blameless lady under any circumstances.

Malini then entered the palace of Kichaka and approached Kichaka. "I have been sent to you by Sudheshna for bringing some wine. Do you speedily bring me wine for, she told me, that she is exceedingly thirsty." asked Malini.

"O beautiful lady! you have come for the thirst of your Lady. But what about my thirst. Will you not quench my thirst of lust and rule me as your slave. " said Kichaka.

"If I am late, Sudheshna will grew angry. Please give me the wine I have to go" requested Malini.

" Dont worry I will send some other maid with wine to Sudheshna. You consume this beautiful wine and quench my thirst. I will make you my queen. All my wives will serve you as slaves. I will also be at your feet" said Kichaka.

So saying, Kichaka suddenly seized her by the end of her upper garment as she attempted to run away. The Rakshasa who was protecting her came to her rescue. With the invisible influence of Rakshasa, Malini dashed Kichaka to the ground. Kichaka tumbled down like a huge tree.

Having thrown Kichama down, she rushed to the Court of Virata. While Malini was running with all her speed, Kichaka followed her to the court of Virata, seizing her by hair and bringing her down on the ground, kicked her in the very presence of the King Virata.

The Rakshasa who was protecting her, gave Kichaka a shove with a force mighty as that of the wind. Overpowered by the force of Rakshasa, Kichaka reeled and fell down senseless on the ground, even like an uprooted tree.

At that time both Yudhishtira and Bheemasena (Valala) were seated there beheld with wrathful eyes with the outrage on Droupadi by Kichaka. With the desire of killing Kichaka, Bheema gnashed his teeth in rage and tried to cut a tree nearby.

Yudhishtira stopped him. "Look, you cook, for the sake of fuel, why you are cutting a fruitbearing tree." Bheema controlled his anger and kept quiet. Droupadi observed the anger of Bheema and the pacifying of Yudhishtira.

"O King Virata, Kichaka now kicked the proud and beloved wife of those whose foe can never sleep in peace. You know pretty well all Dharma. My husbands, five gandharvas, who are capable of punishing the wrong doers, are keeping quiet while Kichaka is outraging me. Where is protection for a common lady in this kingdom? Nobdoy is raising their voice when a woman is outraged in their very presence. O king Virata! you donot act like a King towards Kichaka. Your behaviour does not shine in court. I should thus be insulted in your very presence, O King, is highly improper." directly questioned Droupadi.

Incapable of reprimand Kichaka, King Virata told Droupadi: "I do now know what your dispute is. Not knowing the true cause, how can I show my discrimination. I will enquire and take action" spoke like a veteran politician.

Observing all this, Kichaka retired to his palace. Yudhishtira said: "Stay not there O Sairandhri! but retire to the palace of Sudheshna. Wives of heroes bear affliction for the sake of their husbands. All have observed what had happened. Justice will be done to you. Your gandharva husbands do not consider this as an action for manifesting their wrath inasmuch as they do not rush to your aid. You are ignorant of the timeliness of things and you are weeping as an actress on stage. Your gandharva husbands will do what is agreeable to you and take the life of him that has wronged you." said Yudhishtira.

"Yes. My husband is an actor. It is an undisputed truth. Youngsters will follow eldelrs. I also follow my husband. So I am also an acress on the stage. My husband is not only an actor, he is a gambler too. What great respect will the wife of a gambler get in this court." so saying Malini ran back to the apartments of Sudheshna.

Knowing fully well what had happened, Sudheshna, on seeing Malini, innocently asked her "Malini! what had happened? Who insulted you? Why do you weep? Who has done you wrong? asked Sudheshna.

"As I went to bring wine for you, Kichaka struck me in the court in the very presence of the king and in the midst of all." said Malini.

"Kichaka, maddedned by lust, has insulted you. I will enquire and cause him to be slain, if you wish." said Sudheshna.

"You need not worry about it. My gandharva husbands will wreak vengeance. I am sure, it is clear that he will have to go to the abode of Yama this very night" said Malini.

On hearing these words, Sudheshna was frightened. Thus insulted by Kichaka, Malini, eagerly wishing for the destruction of Kichaka, rushed back to her apartments.

(Who is this Kichaka? In one of the Sanskrit texts, as a foot note it was written like this.

A person who was born to a Kshatriya through a Brahmin lady is called Soota. It is Soota community. He is placed below Kshatriya and above Vysya. He can maintain marital relations with Kshatriyas. In that Soota community, there was one Soota called Kichaka. His wife was Malavi. He begot 106 sons. The eldest was Simhabala. He was a mighty personality. His mother's sister's daughter was Sudheshna(cousin sister). Simhabala along with his 105brothers (As they are the sons of Kichaka, they are also called Kichakas) were living in the City of Virata along with their cousin sister, Sudheshna).

"What I am to do? Where shall I go? How can my purpose be effected? Kichaka is a mighty personality. There is none else except Bhimasena that can today accomplish the purpose on which my heart is set." thought Droupadi.

Afflicted with grief, she rose up at night and speedily proceeded towards the quarters of Bhimasena. She found Bheemasena sleeping on the couch in the cooking apartment.

"How can you sleep while that wretched Kichaka yet lived, having perpetrated today that foul act." Droupadi woke him up.

"Droupadi! for what purpose have you come here in such a hurry, dead of night. What is the reason? Has anybody seen you?" hurriedly asked Bheemasena.

" Knowing fully well what had happened, again if you ask, what can I tell. If you forget everything, what can I do? If you want to hear from me what had happened, I will tell you. One day Kichaka happened to see me while I was serving Sudheshna. He desired me with lust. I warned him that my five Gandharva husbands will slain you. He went away. Sudheshna sent me to fetch wine from his house. When I approached him for wine, he spoke some sweet words. When I refused, he became exceedingly enraged and intended to use violance. Understanding the intention of Kichaka, I speedily rushed to the place where the king was. The rest you have seen.

who else could bear such an humiliation when Dussaasana dragged me to the court in the midst of an assembly of courtiers calling me a slave. Who else could bear such an insult as the wicked Saindhava offered me while I was alone in the forest. Who else of my position could live having been kicked by Kichaka in the very sight of the King Virata.

How your elder brother, deprived of prosperity, sits dumb and even stopped you, while I was being insulted." said Droupadi.

"I would have caued carnage in Virata court but for the fact that Yudhishtira eyed me. I would have crushed the head of Kichaka then and there. If I did like that, our Ajnatavasa would have been foiled and we should again suffer Aranyavasa. Everybody will censure both of us. Therefore, we need not blame Yudhishtira for forbidding me. I will certainly slain Kichaka but it should be done secretely but not to the knowledge of one and all." said Bheema.

Droupadi realised her mistake. "Unable to bear my griefs, I spoke like that. I do not censure Yudhishtira. Yudhishtira is Ajatasatru. He is a virtuous person who performed Rajasooya Yaga. He is not an ordinary personality. It is paining that such a great virtuous personality is serving others. A huge personality like you, who killed Bakasura and Kimmeera, is fighting with tigers and lions for the pleasure of the king and his ladies. Arjuna who sat by the side of Indra, is serving the king as Bruhannala and teaching dance. Daily I am weeping while I see the valiant hero Nakula training the horses. Daily I am shedding tears when I see the beautiful Sahadeva rearing cows. I was born out of fire and was brought up by my parents with great love and affection. I married five valiant heroes. I became pure by performing Rajasooya Yaga sitting by the side of Yudhishtira. Even my mother in law, Kunti Devi, thinks twice to command me. Such a pricess like me, is now serving others as Sairandhri. Unless you kill that Kichaka, my mind will not rest in peace." said Droupadi.

"Droupadi! you need not tell this much. I will slain Kichaka. Our Ajnatavasa time is coming to an end Just few days remain. You do one thing. Renouncing your sorrow and grief, manage to have a meeting with Kicaka in the dancing hall (Nartana Sala). You must manage it so that others may not come along with him. I will kill him in Nartana Saala. This is final. It is already dawn. You please go away." said Bheema.

Droupadi went back to her apartments. Next day Kichaka woke up. He was fully afflicted with Madana's influence. He went to the palace of Sudheshna for the sake of Malini and accosted Sairandhri alone.

Malini remembered the words of Bheema. She pretended as if she does not see Kichaka. She was plucking the flowers.

"Malini! why you are rejecting me. Malini, throwing you down in the court, I kicked you in the presence of the King. Nobody came to your rescue even the King. This King Virata is, in name, only king of Matsya Kingdom. Commanding the forces of this realm, It is I who am the real lord of Matsya Kingdom. Do you accept me cheerfully, I shall become your slave." said Kichaka.

"You should know my condition. Though I am also afflicted with the shafts of Manmadha, I cannot reveal it, as i am a lady. Neither your friends nor your brothers should know your union with me. I am in terror of detection by those Gandharvas. Promise me this, I yield to you." said Malini in low tone.

"I will do even as you say. I will alone come to you for union with you, so that those Gandharvas may not come to know of this act of mine." said Kichaka cheerfully.

"Do you, when it is dark, go to the dancing hall where the girls dance during day. The Gandharvas do not know that place. We shall then without doubt escape all censures" told Malini.

"Promise I will be in dancing hall this very night waiting for your arrival" said Kichaka.

"Remember, you should come alone. None should accompany you" said Malini.

"Sure I will come alone." said Kichaka with overjoy.

"Anybody may notice us. please go away" so saying Malini went inside her apartment.

Kichaka's heart filled with joy. He returned back to his palace. Later, Malini went to the main kitcen and met Bheemasena. "As you said, I have given Kichaka to understand that our meeting will take place in the dancing hall, alone will he come at night to the dancing hall. Slay him there. Do you come to the dancing hall and take the life of Kichaka" asked Malini

"I swear unto you, by my brothers, I will slay Kichaka." said Bheema.

"But one doubt. Will he come to dancing hall alone or will he reveal the same to others. No he will not do like that. Droupadi! have you seen the joy in his face when you asked him to come to Dancing Hall. Yes. He will certainly come. He will touch me and caress me. I will catch him and kill him mercilessly. " said Bheema.

Droupadi was frightened that Bheema in his fit of anger may disclose their identity to others. "In your angry mood killing Kichaka, dont reveal our identify. Dharamaja and others may find fault with us for breaking Ajnatavasa. Our endeavour is to kill Kichaka unknown to others. If it is not possible, please stop this operation" said Droupadi.

"Droupadi! If you impose such conditions, how can I kill him. In a combat, while fighting with him, how can I do it secretely? However, I will keep your caution in mind and try to kill him unknown to others." said Bheema.

" Sudheshna might be enquiring about me. I will go." Droupadi went away.

Kichaka, in his palace, was waiting for the sunset. He was entertaining all kinds of doubts.

Whether Malini will come to dancing hall as promised!

Even if she comes, whether she will satisfy my lust!

She may change her mind before sunset!

Is it true that she has five gandharva husbands?

Suppose, while Malinig was coming to dancing hall, Sudheshna may entrust her with some work? If so, what will happen?

Suppose Malini does not come, how can I tolerate this lust, subjecting myself to the shafts of Manmadha.

How can I live without Malini?

No No Malini will certainly come. No doubt. When she spoke so many words and kindled fire of lust, how can she remain silent.

No, it is not like that. Why should I remain silent, suffering like this? I will go to her apartment, abduct her by force and enjoy sexual pleasures with her. Who will stop me?"

Kichaka was thinking like this, with a wavering mind. Kichaka was abusing Sun God for not setting early. He entertained a doubt whether Lord Brahma ordered Sun not to set on that day. He was looking at the sun eagerly for sunset.

As usual, Sun was set. The entire world was plunged in darkness. Droupadi went to the kitchen to remind Bhima. Bheema tucked a sari around his head. Bheema proceeded to dancing hall. Droupadi followed him. Both reaced dancing hall.

Bheema observed dancing hall on four sides. There was a long bed inside the dancing hall. Bhima asked Droupadi to hide behind a pillar unnoticed. He said on the bed covering himself with the saree.

Kichaka, having embellished his person as he chose, in a fully drunken state, came to the dancing hall at the appointed time with the hope of meeting Malini. Kichaka had seen Bhima sitting on the bed covered with a sari. Kichaka thought that she was Malini. He came near Bhima and touched him.

"Malini! Look at all these gifts brought for your sake. Look at me how handsome I am! Hitherto, I was attracted by several ladies. Now I am attracted by you. Why late! Come on let us enjoy!" Kichaka was madly talking under the influence of wine.

Bheema, with a female voice, said: "You are boasting yourself. You will never get such a beautiful lady like me. Dont compare me with others. If once you touch me, you will see what will happen! You will never have a chance to touch any other lady in your life. You will enjoy the result of touching me".

So saying Bheema rose to his feet, removed the sari, and roared like a lion. Bheema seized Kichaka by the hair of his head. Kichama quickly freed his hair and grasped the arms of Bhima. Kichaka thought that he is the gandharva husband of Malini.

Then between them there ensued a hand to hand encounter like a fight between two powerful elephants. Both were silently fighting with each without making any noise. Kichaka was under the apprehension that he may loose his prestige if his presence is known to one and all at dancing hall whereas Bhima also was under the apprehension that if he roars loudly, Ajnaatawasa will be broken. Both were fighting with equal strength and force.

Attacked thus in battle by powerful Bhima, Kichaka grew weak and began to tremble. He tugged at Bhima to the best of his power. Bheema quickly rose up forcibly, seized Kichaka by his hair, lifted him up and whirled him. Bheema grasped the throat of Kichaka with his arms and began to sqeeze.

Assailing with his knees, the waist of Kichaka, all the limbs of whose body broken into pieces. Bheema slay Kichaka as one would slay a beast. Bheeema began to roll him on the ground. Having crushed all his limbs and reduced him into a ball of flesh, the mighty Bheema showed him to Droupadi lighting a torch.

Droupadi looked at Kichaka. "O Kichaka! You have done all these things only to culminate like this. May your soul rest in peace" said Droupadi.

"Droupadi! are you satisfied. Is your desire fulfilled! Know yourself, no one will survive on this earth if he looks at you wickedly." said Bheema.

"Bheema Sena! how can I appreciate you for killing Kichaka in such a ghastly manner. My joy knows nobounds. You are no match to others." said Droupadi adoring Bheema.

"Drouapdi! it is not safe for us to remain here any longer." so saying Bheema went away swifly to his kitchen.

In this manner, Saint Vaisampaayana told Janamejaya about the killing of Kichaka by Bheema.

Maha Bharata, Viraata Parva

Dviteeyaasvaasa

(second chapter)

completed.

Om Tatsat.

MAHA BHARAT - VIRATA PARVA - FIRST CHAPTER.

2007-09-30T10:31:00.000-07:00

MAHA BHARAT

VIRAATA PARVA

PRADHAMA AASVAASAM

(FIRST PART).

WRITTEN BY

TIKKANA SOMAYAJI..

In Sanskrit, Mahabharata was written by Bhagawan Veda Vyasa.

It was translated into Telugu by Kavitrayam viz, Nannayya, Yerrana and Tikkana. The enire translation was done in verse form and prose.

Durng 1022 AD, Rajamahendravaram (now called as Rajahmundry, East Godavari District) was ruled by King Raja Raja Narendra. In his Court, there was a great poet called Nannayya. During 1055 A.D, at the request of King Raja Raja Narendra, Nannayya translated Sanskrit Maha Bharata into Telugu. He translated Aadi parva, Sabhaa Parva and some portion in Aranya Parva and dedicated the same to King Raja Raja Narendra.

Later, during 1255-60 A.D. Simhapuri (now called Nellore) was ruled by Manumasiddhi. In his court, there was a great poet called Tikkana Somayaji. Tikkana Somayaji continued the translation work commenced by Nannaya. But he started translating Mahabharat from Virata Parva and completed the remaining Fifteen Parvas and dedicated the same to Lord Hari Haranatha. He did not complete the unfinished portion of Aranya Parva.

Later, during the earlier part of 1400 A.D. a great poet called Yerra Praggada completed Aranya Parva, left by Nannayya.

We have so far completed Aadi parva, Sabha Parva and Aranya Parva written by Nannaya and Yerrapraggada, and entering Virata Parva written by Tikkana.

Let us know something about Tikkana Somayaji who had written fifteen parvas in Maha Bharata.

Tikkana Somayaji was the son of Kommana Dandanaadhudu and his wife Annamaamba. He was born in Goutama Gotram, Aapastambha Sootram.

One day, his father Kommana Dandanaadhudu and Lord Hari Hara Natha appeared in his dream and requested him to translate Maha Bharat into Telugu.

Accordingly, Tikkana Somayaji translated 15 Parvas into Telugu and dedicated the same to Lord Hari Haranadha.

While Nannayya dedicated his Mahabharat to KingRaja Raja Narendra, Tikkana dedicated his writings to Lord Hari Haranadha.

In Maha Bharat, we come across the episodes of Ajnaata Vaasamu and Krishna Raayabaaram.

In the real life of Tikkana also, he experienced both Ajnata Vasa and Raaya Baaram.

While Manumasiddhi was ruling Simhapuri (Nellore), Tikkana was his minister. At that time, King Ganapati Deva was ruling Kakatiya Kingdom from Orugallu (present Warangal).

Manumasiddhi was defeated and exiled by his step brothers Akkaya and Bayyana and he was driven out of his kingdom. In this task, one King Kulottunga Chola helped Akkana and Bayyana.

At that time, Poet Tikkana kept Manuma Siddhi in Ajnaata Vaasa. Then, along with his Sishyas, he went to Orugallu and met King Ganapati Deva as the emissary of Manumasiddhi. Poet Tikkana won the laurels of King Ganapati Deva by explaining Maha Bharata in detail. He defeated Buddhist Monks in dual arguments.

King Ganapati Deva asked Poet Tikkana "What do you want?"

Poet Tikkana explained in detail the political turmoil in Simhapuri and about the fate of Manumasiddhi and sought the help of King Ganapati Deva in installing Manumasiddhi again on the throne of Simhapuri (Nellore).

King Ganapati Deva responded positively. He had a talk with Kulottanga Chola and stopped his help to Akkanna and Bayyanna. He defeated Akkanna and Bayyanna and installed Manumasiddhi on the throne of Simhapuri. Thus Poet Tikkana succeeded in restoring Manumasiddhi to his Kingdom.

Poet Tikkana lived for 78 years, from 1210 AD to 1288 AD.

In the writings of Tikkana, we mostly see dramatisation of events. Ofcourse, Nannayya also commenced dramatisation even in Sabha Parva. But Tikkana completely adopted dramatisation of events in writing Maha Bharat. The following may be the reason.

We are aware, during that time, Kakateeya Kingdom was ruled by King Ganapati Deva. During the reign of Kakatiya kings, fine arts like music, dance, drama etc., flourished in abudance. One Jaayappa Senani (Army Chief) wrote a book on the art of dance called Nrutta Ratnaakaram. Several carvings and sculptures of dance styles on the walls of temples in Orugallu are the only proof. During that time Poet Tikkana translated Mahabharat. Therefore, the flourishing of fine arts in Kakatiya Empire might have influenced Poet Tikkana in adopting dramatisation in Mahabharat.

(see the Preface to Sreemadaandhra Mahabharatamu, Virata Parvamu, published by Tirumala Tirupati Devastaanams).

Janamejaya, the grand son of Arjuna, asked Saint Vaisampaayana:

"O Saint! Kindly tell me how, our grand fathers, Pandavas, on completion of Aranya Vasa, spent Ajnaata Vaasa, unrecognised by Kouravas" .

Saint Vaisampaayana continued to say:

Yudhishtira addressed all the Brahmins accompanied them during Vanavasa

"O Brahmins! you all have been associated with us all these twelve years and undergone much hardship. We have to undergo one year Ajnaata Vaasa as per the agreement with Suyodhana. Kindly bless us to complete Ajnatavasa uninterruptedly" requested Yudhishtira.

"Yudhishtira! you are the embodiment of Dharma. In the past also, after the killing of Vrutraasura, Indra spent some time in Ajnaatavaasa on Nishadhaacala; likewise Lord Hari spent Ajnatavasa in the womb of Adithi as Vaamana; similary Ourva spent some time in the thigh of his mother; it is only due to bad time. Later, Indra, Hari and Ourva attained their previous glory. Similary, you also will attain your previous glory on completion of Ajnata vasa" said Dhoumya, the Purohit.

Then all the Bramins left Pandavas to their own places.

Then Yudhishtira called all his brothers and said:

"Exiled from our kingdom, we have passed 12 years. The 13th year, hard to spend, has now come. Do you therefore select some spot where we may pass our days undiscovered by our enemies. " said Yudhishtira.

"Even by virtue of Yama Dharma's boon, we will not be discovered by anybody. Still, for purpose of residene, I shall mention some spots that are both delightful and secluded. Please select some one of them.

Surrounding the Kingdom of Kurus, there are many countries beautiful and abounding in corns, such as Paanchaala, Chedi, Matsya, Saalva, Videha, Baahlika, Dasaarna, Soorasena, Kalinga, Magadha. Which of these, would you choose and where shall we spend this year?" said Arjuna.

"As far as my knowledge goes, King Virata, ruling Matsya Kingdom, is a virtuous, powerful and charitable and is liked by all. He is also attached to Pandavas. We shall enter the city of Virata and spend this one year. Tell me in what capacities will you dwell in the city of Virata?" asked Yudhishtira.

"Brother Yudhishtira! you are mild, modest and charitable and virtuous and firm in promise. How will you overcome this great calamity that has overtaken you? asked Arjuna.

"On appearing before King Virata, I shall present myself as a Brahmin, Kanka by name. I know Srouta, Smarta, Sakuna, Jyothisha and other sciences. I am also skilful in dice game. I shall become a courtier of Virata and show my talent in the above fields. Should the King Virata ask me I shall say "formerly I was the friend of Yudhishtira" . It is thus I shall pass my days." said Yudhishtira.

Yudhishtira looked at Bheemaa "O Bheemaa! you have killed Bakasura, Kimmeeraa. What office will you take?" asked Yudhishitira.

"Brother Yudhishtira! I intend to present myself before King Virata as a cook bearing the name of Valala. I am skilled in culinary art. I shall prepare curries for the king and excelling all those skilful cooks who have been serving the King hitherto. I shall gratify the monarch.

I shall command to subdue powerful elephants. If any combatants will fight with me, I will vanquish them and thereby entertain the monarch. But I shall not take any life of them. I shall only bring them down in such a way that they may not be killed. On being asked as regards my antecedents, I shall say "formerly I was the wrestler and cook of Yudhishtira. Thus I maintain myself." said Bheema.

Yudhishitira then looked at Arjuna. "Arjuna! What about you. What office will be performed by you?" asked Yudhishtira.

"While I was with Devendra, when Urvasi tried to have sexual pleasure with me, I refused. She cursed me to become a neuter sex. But Devendra modified it saying that I may undergo that curse during Ajnaata vaasa and on completion of Ajnaatavasa, I will be relinquished of that curse.

Hence, I will declare myself as one of the neuter sex. I shall appear as one of the third sex, Bruhannala by name, and living as a female. I shall entertain the king and the inmates of the inner apartments by reciting stories. I shall also instruct the women of the palace in singing and delightful modes of dancing and in playing musical instruments of diverse kinds.

Should the king enquire me, I will say that I lived as a waiting maid of Draupadi in the Palace of Yudhishtira. Concealing myself by these means, as fire is concealed by ashes, I shall pass my days in the palace of Virata." said Arjuna.

Then Dharmaja looked at Nakula. "While living in the dominions of King Virata, Nakula, what office will you take. Tell me all about it?" asked Dharmaja.

"Brother Yudhishtira! In the name of Dhaamagrandhi, I shall become the keeper of the horses of King Virata. I have thorough knowledge of this work and I am skilful in tendering horses. Besides, this task is agreeable to me. I possess great skill in training and treating horses and the horses are ever dear to me. To those persons who enquire about me, I will tell "formerly I was employed by Yudhishtira in charge of his horses". Thus, disguised, I shall spend my days delightfully in the city of Virata. I will gratify the King Virata in such a way that no one will be able to discover me." said Nakula.

"Sahadeva! how will you bear yourself before that King and what is that which you will do in order to live in disguise?" asked Yudhishtira.

"I will become a keeper of the kine of King Virata. I am skilled in milking kine and taking their history as well as taming them. Passing in the name of Tantri Paala, I shall perform my duties skilfully. If asked, I will tell that I was formerly keeping the kine of Yudhishtira. I always take delight in work of this kind. No one will then be able to recognise me and I will moreover gratify the King Virata." said Sahadeva.

Then, Yudhishtira looked at Droupadi. "This is our beloved wife, Droupadi, dearer to us than our lives. Delicate and Young, she is a princess of great repute. Unacquainted as she is, with any kind of womanly work, what office will she perform?" said Yudhishitira with sorrowful voice.

"There is a class of persons called Sairandhris. I will go before Queen Sudheshna, as a Sairandhri, by name Malini. On being questioned by the Queen, I shall say that I served as a waiting woman of Droupadi. I shall thus pass my days in disguise and I shall serve the Queen Sudheshna, the wife of Virata. Surely she will cherish me" said Droupadi.

Yudhishtira was satisfied with what has been said by his brothers and Droupadi. All are fixed in their own positions. Yudhishtira requested Priest Dhoumya to protect Agnihotram carefully. All the other persons like chariot drivers, cooks, personal servants were sent out to their respective places. While leaving them, Yudhishtira told them that "if any body asks about our whereabouts, you may tell that you donot know where Pandavas have gone leaving all of you at Dvaitavana."

Then Priest Dhoumya told Pandavas thus:

"Dharmaja! all of you were born in a respectable Kuru race, and led a virtuous life. At this juncture, it is very difficult for you to serve others. You should not forget that, for the present, the time is not in your favour. This is not proper time to exhibit your vigour, valour and heroism. That may break your Ajnatavasa agreement.

To dwell with a king is a highly difficult task. I shall therefore speak to you how you may reside in the royal household, avoiding every fault.

One should not wear more costly clothes than King or reside in a palace more than a king and should not speak unnecessarily before a king.

Generally, Kings do not forgive even their own sons, brothers, relatives and friends if they happen to tamper with their dignity.

One should not accept any work which he will not be able to discharge properly; otherwise he will have to face the unpleasantness of the King.

One should not keep himself silent before a king, nor he should be more talkative. One should speak softly and tactfully before a king and win his favour.

One should not leak out the royal secrets to anybody.

After carefully deliberating on all things, a person should set forth, before the king, those topics that are both profitable and pleasing.

One should never occupy a seat higher than a king. One should not feel proud that King praised him or feel sorrow that King cursed him.

One should discharge the royal duties entrusted to him with great care and devotion, irresepctive of place, time, weather, hunger or thirst.

One should feel the royal moneys and property as poison, misappropriating royal funds may take away his life.

One should not laugh, snore or sleep in the presence of King.

One should not move friendly with the enemies of King or with their men.

A servant should not enjoy more plealsures than a King. It may not be liked by the King.

Therefore, during the Ajnatavasa period, you have to move in the royal household with greatest care and caution so that you should not be recognised by anybody." said Dhoumya, the Priest.

Dharmaja, with folded hands, said: "You are my Priest andwell wisher. We have been well taught by you. There is none that could say so to us." said Yudhishtira.

Then Pandavas started their journey to Matsya kingdom. They were walking along Yamuna river and reached the outskirts of Matsya kingdom.

Dhoumya, along with Agnihotra, stopped in an Ashram.

Pandavas continued their journey through forest areas. Droupadi was very much tired and she could not proceed further.

"Pass we here for the rest of the night, for, great is fatigue" said Droupadi.

Dharmaja did not agree. His aim is to reach Virata City as early as possible. Droupadi could not move a step further. Dharmaja asked Nakula to carry Droupadi. Nakula expressed his inability as he was also very much tired.

Yudhishtira looked at Arjuna "Arjuna! will you take up Panchaali and carry her upto the outskirts of Virata City?"

Arjuna took up Droupadi and carried upto the outskirts of Virata City.

"Arjuna! where shall we deposit our weapons before entering the city. If, we enter, with our weapons, we shall surely excite the alarm of the citizens" said Dharmaja and looked around.

In the vicinity, there was a burial ground. Generally prople were not moving there. Besides that, people believe that devils and demons were roaming there. There was a mighty Samee Tree throwing its gigantic branches to four sides and very difficult to ascend.

Arjuna said: "Brother Dharmaja! I think this Sami Tree is the fittest place to keept our arms."

Then Pandavas kept their bows, arrows, knives etc., on a skin with hair and bundled them. Dharmaja found a dead body of an animal. He asked Nakula to peel its skin and bring it. Arjuna wrapped the skin to the bundle. There was a dead body of unidenified person lying at a distance. Arjuna brought and tied that dead body also along with the main bundle.

Yudhishtira, along with the bundle containing the bows, arrows, knives etc, climbed the tree and hanged that bundle to a big branch. Dharmaja prayed that the bundle should be invisible to others, especially to Bheema, and should be visibe only to himself and Arjuna and it should appear as a bundle of poisonous serpants to others.

(Dharmaja might have entertained a doubt in his mind that, during the course of Ajnatavasa, at any point of time, Bheema, in a fit of anger, may run up to this tree, take his mace and attack Kouravas, in order to to kill them, thus breaking the agreement of Ajnatavasa.).

Dharmaja climbed down the Sami tree. He looked around. He saw some cowherds grazing their cattle. He went near them and told them "My aged mother died with disease. As per our caste custom, we have to hang the dead body to a Sami tree. Hence we hanged the dead body to that branch of this Sami Tree." said Dharmaja.

The cowherds were verymuch frightened with his words. They swiftly ran away to inform about the same to their friends.

Then Yudhishtira prayed Yama Dharma Raja. They were transformed into a Brahmin Sanyasi, a cook, a Bruhannala, horse keeper and cowherd respectively. Yudhishtira told his brothers and Droupadi to enter the city one by one. First Yudhishtira entered Virata City.

Incidentally, on that day, King Virata was going round the city. The King saw Dharmaja as Sanyasi Brahmin.

"Enquire who he is. He cannot be a brahmin. He shines like Indra. I think he is the lord of this earth" said Virata. Dharmaja was brought before him.

"Who are you? To which place you belong? What made you to come over here?" asked Virata.

"O Great King Virata! Know me for a brahmin, who, having lost all his wealth, has come to you for means of subsistence. I desire to live here beside you." requested Dharmaja.

"You are welcome. Tell me also particularly what is your name, family and what knowledge you have?" asked Virata.

"My name is Kanka I am a brahmin. I am skilled in dice game.I lost all my wealth in dice game. Unable to bear that agony, I left my country. I heard that you are a virtuous king. I will remain here for a period of one year. Then I will go away in serch of my enemies. Formerly, I was a friend of Yudhishtira." said Yudhishtira.

Virata satisfied with his replies. "I will give you whatever position you want. It is my fortune to have you with us. Kanka is as much lord of this realm as myself. There shall also be at his disposal apparel in plenty, various kinds of food, drinks etc., for you, all my doors are open" ordered Virata.

"I do not want any royal plealsures. I will eat the remains of Homa and will sleep on the ground and comlete my one year period." said Dharmaja.

"You may live as you like" said Virata.

Thus Yudhishtira entered the royal palace of Virata.

Then entered Bheema, holding in hand a cooking ladle, a big spoon and an unsheathed sword. He came in the guise of a cook. He bowed before King Virata.

"O King Virata! I am a cook, Valala by name. I am skilled in preparing sumptious dishes.. Plese employ me as a cook. I was previously worked as Cook in the palace of Yushishtira. I am also a wrestler and I will entertain you with my wrestling. If you dont like me, I will go elsewhere" said Bheema.

" I am very much impressed with your words. Do as you like. Be you the superintendent of the kitchen and you are placed at the head of all those who have been working in the kitchen." said King Virata.

Thus Bheema entered the court of King Virata as a cook.

Next appeared at the gate of the royal palace, another person of enormous size and exqusite beauty, decked with the ornaments of a woman, wearing large ear rings, with long hair floating about his neck.

"O King Virata! I am proficient in dance and skilled in singing and playng all kinds of instruments. Know me to be Brihannala, a third sex. I will teach music and dance to young girls in your palace. Kindly allow me to join in your inner apartments" said Arjuna.

Virata looked at Arjuna "You are so beautiful. How you become brihannala?" asked Virata.

"By virtue of some curse, I am undergoing this neuter sex. Due to this neuter sex , I could not do any work. I learnt music and dance from my childhood." said Arjuna.

King Virata was satisfied that he belongs to neuter sex. He called his daugher, Uttara.

"Brihannalaa! this is my daughter, Uttara. Will you teach dance to her?" asked Virata.

Brihannala humbly replied that she will do it.

"Brihannalaa! she is still childish and interested in playing. You have to inculcate in her some interest in learning music and dance and give him good training." said Virata.

"My child! She is your teacher. You have to learn dance with great devotion" so saying Virata handed over Uttara to Brihannala.

Thus Arjuna joined the office of Virata as dance master.

Then entered Nakula, in the attire of horse keeper. At that time, King Virata was examining some horses bought by him earlier. Nakula began to observe the horses around. King Virata stared at Nakula and thought that he was having proficiency in horses. He asked his minister to enquire about Nakula.

At that time, Nakula himself approached King Virata and said: "O King Virata! I will look after your horses. As a trainee of horses, I have alwlays been highly esteemed by kings. I will be a clever keeper of your horses" said Nakula.

"Who are you? From where you have come? Tell me all the arts you are master of?" asked Virata.

" My name is Tamagrandhi. I was formerly employed by Yudhishtira to keep his horses." said Nakula.

King Virata was very much satisfied with his antecedents.

"Whatever horses I have, I consign to you their care even from today. All the keepers of my horses and all my charioteers will, from today, be subordinate to you." said King Virata.

In this manner, Nakula joined as horse keeper.

With a long stick in his hand, and a bundle of ropes on his head, Sahadeva entered the city of Virata clad in a cowherd dress.

King Virata asked him "Who are you? Where do you come? I have never seen you before. Tell me the truth about you?" asked King Virata.

"O King Virata! victory is yours. I was employed as a cowherd in the service of kuru race. I intend now to serve you. I was previously employed in keeping the cattle of Yudhishtira. He used to call me Tantri pala. I am well acquainted with the kinds of kine and the possible diseases they may get. I can treat them." asked Sahadeva.

"I am having innumerable kine. I place you in charge of all my kine." said King Virata.

Thus Sahadeva joined the service of King Virata as cowherd. In this manner, all five pandavas got their abode in Virata City. Now remains their wife, Droupadi.

Binding her black, soft, fine long hair into a knotted braid, wearing a soiled saree, filling her heart with service motto, Droupadi was walking along the streets in Virata City.

At that time, Queen Sudheshna was standing on the top of the palace for fresh air. She saw Droupadi walking along the streets. She sent her servant maid to fetch her. Accordingly,Droupadi was brought before her.

"Oh beautiful lady! Who are you? What do you seek?" asked Sudheshna.

"I am a maid servant of Sairandhri class. My name is Malini. I know to dress hair and also to make beautiful and variegated garlands. Previously, I served Satya Bhama, wife of Sri Krishna and Droupadi. I am the wife of five husbands. But I was insulted by enemies in the presence of my husbands. I went to forests along with my husbands. I have to spend one more year. I am in search of a respectable abode where I can spend that one year period. I heard that you are a virtuous and respectable queen. I will serve you in a respecable manner. Will you employ me?" asked Droupadi.

Sudheshna got a doubt "Sairandhri! you appear tobe more beautiful. If my husband himself will be attracted by your beauty, what can I do? It is nothing but keeping fire upon my head. Even ladies are looking at you with lust. What male person is there that can resist your attraction? I may bring destruction upon myself by harbouring you." said Sudheshna.

"O Queen Sudheshna! neither King Virata nor any other person will be able to touch me, for, my five youthful husbands who are Gandharvas always protecting me. Any man that attempts to have me like any other woman, will meet with death that very night. Therefore no one can succeed in having me for, those Gandharvas possessing of great energy and mighty strength always protect me secretely. I have no such bad intention to attract anybody. You can believe me. I have got some principles. I will not touch food already parttaken by another nor I will touch or wash anybody legs." said Droupadi.

Sudheshna satisfied with the character of Sairandhri and admitted her into her household.

In this manner, all five pandavas and Droupadi joined the royal palace of King Virata in disguise and spending their time happily.

(Maha Bharat – Virata Parva –

First Chapter – Completed)

MAHABHARAT - ARANYA PARVA - SEVENTH CHAPTER

2007-09-30T10:27:00.000-07:00

Maha Bharat

Aranya Parva

Seventh Chapter

(Written by Yerra Praggada).

In Naimisharanya, Ugrasravasu (sooti) son of Roma harshana continued to tell the story of Mahabharat, as told by Saint Vaisampaayana to King Janamejaya, to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints.

In Kishkandha, Sugreeva was enjoying royal pleasures while Rama and Lakshmana were spending time in a cave in Malyavanta mountain. The winter season was over. There was no response from Sugreeva.

"Lakshmana! Sugreeva might have forgotten us and spending a luxurious life. You proceed to Kishkandha and remind him about us. If he has done any arrangements to make a search for Sita, bring him here. Otherwise, kill him." ordered Rama.

Accordingly, Lakshmana went to Kishkandha and informed Sugreeva about the intention of Rama. Sugreeva shivered.

"Lakshmana! I am not such a foolish fellow to forget the word given to Rama. I have already sent Vanaras to all sides with specific instructions to return back within one month. Still there is five days time for their return. Soon after I get any information about Sita, I will myself come to Rama and inform him." said Sugreeva.

Lakshmana satisfied with his reply. Lakshmana along with Sugreeva went to Rama and informed him what had happened. Rama also satisfied with the reply given by Sugreeva.

All the Vanaras went to all sides returned with empty hands except those who went to southern side. One month time given by Sugreega expired. Still there is no response from southern side.

One day, Sugreeva received information that Angada, Hanumanta and other Vanaras. who were sent to southern side, were spoiling the garden called Madhuvan, eating the fruits, breaking the branches and jumping on the trees in a joyous mood. Sugreeva thought that they might have got some useful information about Sita. He sent for them.

Angada, Hanumanta and others stood before Rama and Sugreeva. On behalf of all, Hanuman told thus:

"Rama, Sugreeva, we have all gone towards south and found Sita. I will tell everything in detail. While we were searching, we found a big cave. We entered the cave and proceeded further. We reached Malaya Hill on the sea shore. None of us could jump over the sea and reach the otherside. Whie we were discussing amongst us what to do, one big bird overheard the name of Jataayuvu, in our conversation.

"Kindly tell me who are you. You are talking about Jatayuvu. He is my brother. My name is Sampati. Once myself and Jatayuvu flew upto Sun. My wings were burnt away and I fell down here. Since then, I am staying here. Kindly tell me if you know anything about my brother, Jatayuvu." asked Sampati.

Then I told Sampati about Ravana abducting Sita and the attack of Jatayuvu and also about Ravana killing Jatayuvu. He felt sad about the death of his brother Jatayuvu.

"I know about Ravana. He is a Rakshasa. At a distance of 100 Yojanas, there is a City called Lanka. Ravana is the Ruler of Lanka. You may find Sita in Lanka" said Sampati.

In fact, none of us are capable of jumping over the sea and reach Lanka. But with the grace of my father, Vayu Deva, I could get that strength. I jumped over the sea and reached Lanka. I searched for Sita at several places and found her in a garden called Ashoka Vana. I introduced myself to Sita told her about your welfare, and also about your friendship with Sugreeva.

At the inception she did not believe my words. I told her that I am not Rakshasa. After some time, she told me "Hanuma, Rakshasas are moving in so many forms. Hence I suspected you. One Rakshasa Lady, Trijata also told me about Sugreeva, the king of Vanaras. I trust you. Please take this ornament and give it to Rama. On my behalf, kindly request Rama to come over to Lanka and take me away with the help of Sugreeva." Sita told me with tears in her eyes. Sita also told me about the incident of a miracle crow happened on ChitrakooTa mountain. Hanuma gave the ornament given my Sita to Rama. Rama hugged it to his heart.

" Sugreeva! please make arrangements to proceed to Lanka and rescue Sita." said Rama Sugreeva sent word to all the Vanaras on the earth. Vanaras were flooding to Kishkindha in thousands and lakhs. Vanara warriors viz, Gavaya,Gaja, Kumuda,Sushena arrived Kishkindha with crores of Vanaras. Jambavanta, a bear, arrived with his army.

On an auspicious day, Rama, Lakshmana, Sugreeva, Angada, Hanuma, Jambavanta along with their army proceeded towards Lanka. Hanuma was the Chief of Army. Angada, Neela, Nala were helping him. The entire army reached the sea shore.

"Sugreeva find out a way to cross the sea with this mighty army" asked Rama. Some suggested to fabricate small boats to cross the sea.

"It is of no use. Our army is mighty and innumerable. It is not possible to fabricate such huge number of boats. Besides that, while we were crossing the sea on boats, our enemies never keep quiet. They will drown us in the sea. I will tell you another plan. I will worship the sea god, Sagara. Without the help of sea we cannot do anything. If the sea does not come down to help us, I will dry up the sea with my arrows" said Rama.

Rama began to worship Sagara with utmost devotion. Sagara (sea god) came down to Rama.

"Sagara! You have to give way for us to cross the sea" requested Rama.

"Rama! I will never cause any obstruction to you and your army while crossing the sea. Today, if I give way to you, tomorrow every person by using his power and strenngth, will try to subdue me and demand me to give way to the otherside. In your army, there is one vanara called Nala. He is an engineer and architect. With his help, you can build one bringe on the sea. I will manage that every stone thrown by him in the sea will float on the water." said the sea god.

Rama called Neela and ordered him to construct a Setu (bridge) over the sea. Nala constructed a Setu measuring 100 Yojanas long and ten yojanas wide.

In the meanwhile differences arose between Ravana and his brother Vibheeshana. Vibheeshana was exiled from Lanka. He came to Rama and sought his refuge. Rama promised to help him.

Rama, Lakshmana, Sugreeva and the entire Vanara Army crossed the sea over the bridge constructed by Nala and reached the City of Lanka. Sree Rama went up the Chitrakoota hill and gave directions to the army to erect Army Tents around the City of Lanka on four sides.

Suka and Saarana, the spies of Ravana, in disguise as Vanaras, mingled in Vanara army and collected all the vanara army secrets. Vibheeshana identified them as spies and caught them. Rama excused them and sent them back to Lanka.

Suka and Sarana went to Lanka and informed Ravana about the mighty army of Rama and it was highly difficult to conquer Rama. Ravana made all arrangements to protect Lanka from the invasion.

Rama sent Angada son of Vali, to Ravana, as emissary, for requesting Ravana to send back Sita to Rama with apoligies.

Angada went to Lanka, met Ravana in his Court, and said: "Ravana! Rama asked me to inform you like this:

'You killed many sages and saints who were performing Tapassu in forests. You brought several divine ladies as hostages. You have committed several atrocities. You have abducted my wife Sita and committed a great blunder. Only two options are left to you. Surrender Sita to me with apoligies or meet me in the war front. There is no other way. You are not afraid of human beings. But I will reduce the strength of Rakshasas to nothing. Take care" said Angada on behalf of Rama.

At the instigation of Ravana, some Rakshasas tried to catch Angada. But Angada jumped on them, killed them and ran away. He went back to Rama and told him what had happened. Sri Rama declared war on Ravana. The Vanara Army surrounded the city of Lanka and drove away the guards of Lanka. Ravana also sent his army to fight with Vanaras. Rama and Lakshmana also entered the war. There was a big fight between Vanara army and Rakshasa army.

Rakshasa army was indulging in miracle war. Now Vibheeshana, who is wellversed and an expert in miracle war, entered the war front and killed all raakshasas. Rakshasas informed Ravana about the fighting of Vibheeshana. Now Ravana himself entered the war. There was a war between Rama and Ravana.

Lakshmana attacked Indrajit, son of Ravana, with powerful arrows. Unable to control Rama's arrows, Ravana returned back to Lanka. Ravana sent another hero Prahasta to war. Vibheeshana killed Prahasta with his Sakti. Dhumraksha replaced Prahasta. Hanumanta attacked Dhumraksha. Rakshasas could not stand before Hanuman and fled away. Hanuman killed Dumraksha. Ravana was very unhappy on hearing that Prahasta and Dumraksha died in war.

He ordered to wake up Kumbhakarna who was in deep sleep by blowing horns, beating trumpets, etc. Kumbha karna woke. Ravana said to Kumbhakarna.

"You are having a sound sleep. I am striken with all woes. I abducted one Sita, wife of Rama son of Dasaradha. Rama came upon me with Vanara army. Our heroes Prahasta and Dhoomraaksha were killed in war. Hence it is time for you to enter the war field. Vajra Vega and Pramasha will be by your side" said Ravana.

Kumbhakarna immediately went to the war field. On seeing the huge and fiercest personality of Kumbhakarna, vanaras were frightened. Kumbha Karna was proceeding towards Rama and Lakshmana. Vanaras made a vain attempt to stop Kumbha Karna. Lakshmana hit Kumbha karna with his powerful arrows. Lakshmana cut the two hands of Kumbha karna. Four hands were generated. Again Lakshmana cut his four hands. Again he got the same hands. Lakshmana launched Brahmaastra to kill Kumbha Karna. Kumbha Karna was killed by Lakshmana.

Then Vajra Vega and Pramadhi came upon Lakshmana. Hanumanta and Neela hurled two hills on Vajra Vega and Pramadhi and killed both of them. On hearing that Kumbha Karna, Vajra Vega and Pramadhi were killed, Ravana was in distressed mood.

At that time Megha Nadha (also called Indrajit) son of Ravana, told Ravana "Kindly send me to the war field. I will catch Rama and Ravana and bring them before you." said Indrajit. Ravana was very happy and blessed his son.

Indrajit entered the war field. He attacked Lakshmana. Both were fighting. Angada hurled a big tree towards Indrajit and killed his chariot driver. Indrajit flew away into the sky. Indrajit began to fight from sky invisibly. Rama and Lakshmana hit Indrajit with Sabdavedi arrows but in vain. Indrajit launched Naagaastra and tied Rama and Lakshmana with Nagaastra. Both Rama and Lakshmana fainted. Sugreeva, Sushena, Jambanata and other Vanaras were sitting around Rama and Lakshmana in grief. Vibheeshana arrived there He launched Brahmaastra and and rescued Lakshmana. Rama and Lakshmana gained consciousness. Sugreeva applied Visalya Karani and removed all the poisonous remains from the bodies of Rama and Lakshmana.

In the meanwhile, Kubera, through one Svetha, sent some miracle water. "Rama and Lakshmana, Kubera sent some miracle water. If you wash your eyes with that water, Indrajit will be visible to you" said Vibheeshana. Rama and Lakshmana appied that water to their eyes. They could see Indrajit fighting in the sky. Lakshmana attacked Indrajit and cut his two hands with arrows and cut his head with a spear. Indrajit fell on the ground and died.

On hearing the news about his son's death, Ravana could not control his grief. He thought that Sita was the root cause for all this. He took out a long knife and went to Asoka Vana to kill Sita.

Avindhya, the old Rakshasa stopped him. "Ravana! You are a valiant hero. You conquered Indra. It is not proper for such a hero to kill an ordinary lady. It is shameful. If you are so powerful, you can attack Rama and win the war. By killing an ordinary woman you will not get any fame." said Avindhya.

Ravana became wise. He went to the war field to attack Rama. War between Rama and Ravana began. Indra sent his divine chariot, Vaijayanti along with the chariot driver Matali to Rama.

"Rama! Indra by using this chariot, conquered all the demons in Deva Danava war. You also use this chariot and kill your enemies." said Matali.

Sri Rama boarded that chariot. Matali was driving the chariot. Rama killed Ravana with Brahmaastra. The entire universe was very happy.

Avindhya, followed by Vibheeshana, brought Sita and handed over to Rama. Rama looked at Sita.

"O Sita! it is not just and proper on my part to take back my wife, Sita who was in the custody of my enemy for a pretty long time. I killed Ravana only to wreak vengeance and also for his misdeeds but not for your sake. Either you may be chaste or unchaste, I cannot take you back. You can go anywhere you like." told Rama.

Unable to hear those words, Sita fell on the ground. "O Rama! I will enter the sacred fire and prove my chastity. Please permit me" requested Sita.

With the permission of Rama, Sita entered sacred fire. The five elements, Earth, Fire, space, water and wind spoke with one voice "Rama! Sita is chaste and virtuous. You need not suspect her. We were around her all the time. We know the truth."

In the meanwhile, Brahma and other divine bodies arrived there. "Rama! You killed Ravana and rendered great help to mankind. Ravana was cursed by Nalakoobara if Ravana touches any lady against her wish, his head will be broken. Hence Ravana could not and did not touch Sita. You can receive her without any suspicion in your mind" said Brahma.

Brahma restored life to all the Vanaras who were killed in war and went away. Matali along with his chariot, Vaijayanti, went back to Devaloaka. Rama along with Sita and Lakshna went back to Ayodhya on Pushpaka.

O Dharmaja! Like you, Rama also experienced many woes in the forests and at last got back his king dom and was very happy. On completion of 13 years, you also will get back your king dom" said Saint Markandeya, the story of Rama.

On hearing the story of Rama and Sita with great devotion, Dharmaja praised the heroism of Rama and devotion of Sita towards her husband.

"O saint Markandeya! are there any other virtuous ladies who were so devotional towards to their husbands." asked Dharmaja.

Saint Markandeya began to tell the story of Savitri and Satyavanta to Dharmaja.

"In the ancient past, King Aswapati was ruling Madra Kingdom. He had no children. He worshipped Deity Savitree Devi for eighteen years with great devotion. Deity Savitri appeared before me and asked him to choose whatever he wants. King Aswapati humbly requested for a son. But Deity Savitri blessed him with a girl. Aswapati was dissatisfied.

"O mother Savitri! I worshipped you with great devotion. You have come. You should fulfil my wish." requested Aswapati.

"O King Aswapati! I discussed your matter with Lord Brahma. But he blessed you with a daughter. His decision is final. But you will beget 100 sons later. Be happy" so saying Deity Savitri Devi disappeared.

Later, King Aswapati begot a child. Aswapati named her as Savitri. After attaining marriageable age, King Aswapati was making arrangements to perform her marriage. But Savitri heard through her friends and others about Satyavanta son of Dyumatsena, king of Saalva Kingdom. Satyavanta was so handsome and virtuous youth. Savitri fell in love with him but due to shyness she did not express her love before others.

One day Saint Narada came down to King Aswapati. Savitri also bowed before him and stood by the side of her father.

"O King Asvapati! Why have you not performed the marriage of your daughter Savitri sofar?" asked Narada

Asvapati looked at his daughter. "Have you heard what Saint says? You choose any youth whom you wish. I will perform the marriage" said Asvapati.

"I heard about one youth, Satyavanta son of Salva King. I fixed him as my husband. Kindly perform my marriage with him. King Salva was exiled from his kingdom by his enemies and he is now living in forests. Still I will marry his son, Satyavanta" said Savitri.

King Aswapati enquired Saint Narada about the antecedents of Satyavanta.

"O King Asvapati! as he always speaks truth, he is called as Satyavanta. His original name was TraaSva. He is equivalent to Bruhaspati in wisdom. In vigour and valour he excels Devendra. He shines more than moon. He worships Brahmins. But there is one unpleasant thing in his life. He will die one year after his marriage. Because I know this fact, I am telling you. You can do whatever you like" said Narada.

King Asvapati was very much annoyed "See, my daughter! Satyavanta's life is very short. Kindly choose another king." said Asvapati.

"Mind is greatest of all. I loved Satyavanta in my mind. Whatever it may be, I will marry him and face the consequences." said Savitri with firm voice.

"O King Asvapati! your daughter is a virtuous lady. Her desire is irrevocable. Perform her marriage with Satyavanta. As a result of her acquiring Punya, Satyavanta may be immortal" said Narada and went away.

Accordingly Asvapati, along with his daughter Savitri went to Dyumatsena who was living in forests.

"King Dyumatsena! she is my daughter, Savitri, an educated and virtuous lady. She wants to marry your son, Satyavanta. Kindly receive her as your daughter-in-law" requested Asvapati.

"King Asvapati! we lost our kingdom and now living in forests. You daughter is a princess. How can she live in forests along with us." said Dyumatsena.

"O king Dyumatsena! All these riches and pleasures are not eternal. Today they will be with us. Tomorrow they will vanish. We should not worry for the sake of such riches. My daughter is not a kid. She took this decision after thinking for a long time. Please dont reject our offer" requested Asvapati.

Dyumatsena could not say "No". The marriage of Savitri and Satya vanta was performed. Savitri was serving her husband with greatest devotion. One year elapsed. Four days were left. Savitri observed Deeksha.

On the last day, she worshipped Deity Savitri. She served her husband and mother in law and father in law. Satyavanta told her that he was going into forest to fetch some fruits and fuel. Savitri followed him to forest.

After plucking some fruits, Satyavanta was cutting a dried tree for fuel. He felt some headache. He sat under the tree. Savitri put his head on her lap and serving him. Satyavanta lost consciousness.

Before Savitri, a mighty huge black divine personality, with a long rope in his hand, appeared.

"Oh Divine Personality! Who are you?" asked Savitri.

"My name is Yama Dharma Raja. As you are a virtuous lady worshipping your husband with great devotion, you could see me. I am invisible to others. The life of your husband, Satyavanta came to an end. I have come to take off his life." so saying Yama hurled his rope towards Satyavanta and dragged his life through the rope and was proceeing towards south.

Savitri preserved and concealed the body of her husband in a shrub. She followed Yamadharma Raja in the same path as he was proceeding.

Yama looked at Savitri. "Why you are following me? Stop. Dont proceed. Go back. You cannot come along with me" said Yama.

"O Yama! The duty of a virtuous lady is to follow her husband. It is dharma. With your blessings and with my devotion towards my husband, is there any place where I cannot enter. In all paths, Dharma is highest. Virtuous people are the roots of Dharma. You are such a virtuous personality. I got your blessings. I should get all good things in my life. Without getting anything, how can I go back?" said Savitri.

Yama wondered about talking "Oh Savitri I am very much admired about your talking. Choose anything except your husband's life." said Yama.

"My father in law has no eye sight. Kindly restore his eye sight" asked Savitri.

"It will be done. Now you can go back" said Yama. But Savitri followed Yama.

"O Yama! through mind, speech and deeds, not causing harm to others, showing kindness towards others, giving out moneys in charity, respecting elders are arya dharmas. You are embodiment of dharma. There is nothing not known to you. You are equal towards all. Hence you are called "Samavarti"." praised Savitri.

Yama was very much admired. "Savitri! your words are sweet and excellent. Again choose one more boon except your husband's life" said Yama.

"O Yamadharma Raja! The kingdom of my father in law was invaded by enemies. Kindly restore his kingdom." asked Savitri.

"Savitri! your desire will be fulfilled. Now you can go back" said Yama and began to proceed further. Still, Savitri did not leave him. She continued to follow Yama.

"O Yama Dharma Raja! as you are well aware, virtuous people will never leave their virtues in any great calamities and hardships. They will not have any illusion. Therefore, even in these circumstances, how can I leave my husband . It is not just and proper on my part as I have to follow Dharma" said Savitri.

"O Savitri! I am very much satisfied with your devotion towards your husband. Choose one more except your husband's life" said Yama.

"My father has no sons. Bless him with hundred sons" asked Savitri.

"Sure he will get one hundred sons. Atleast even now go back. You are very much tired. You cannot proceed further" said Yama

O Yama! for a virtuous lady, serving her husband with utmost devotion is her utmost duty. How can I get tired? Virtuous persons who are peforming Dharma are very rare. With their performance of Dharma, Sun and Moon are moving with great discipline. If we speak seven words with anybody, they are our friends and relatives. I have so far spoken many words with you. Now you are my relative. You must fulfil my desire." said Savitri.

"I am very much satisfied with your lovely words. Choose whatever you like" said Yama forgetting to add the suffix "except your husband'slife".

Savitri took advantage of that situation. "O Yama dharma rajaa, so far you are saying "except your husband's life." This time you did not tell. Now I will choose whatever I like. Without husband, the life of wife is useless and horrible. She will not be called to any auspicious functions. Hence, restore my husband's life imemdiately. This is my final desire" said Savitri.

Yamadharma Raja was very much admired with her tactness talkativeness. " I am restoring your husband's life He will live for four hundred years with great name and fame. Through him, you will beget one hundred sons." Yama went away.

Savitri was very happy. Hurriedly she returned back to the place where she kept her husband's body. She kept her husband's head on her lap and prayed Yama. After some time, Satyavanta woke up as if he was waking from sleep.

"What Savitri! What happened to me. I slept for long time. You might have woken me up. In my sleep there was a dream in which I was dragged by some one. Is it true?" asked Satyavanta.

"I will tell you everything later. Now it is too late Your father and mother might be worrying about us. Let us go back to our home" said Savitri. Both of them went back to their Ashram by which time his father, Dyumatsena's eye sight was restored. He could his son and daughter in law.

"O my son and daughter-in-law! Where are you for such a long time after sun-set?" asked Dyumatsena.

Satyavanta told his father about his headache, his sleep and his dream in which he saw a huge and fearful personality. Then Savitri continued:

"As per the words of Narada, my husband will die today. Hence I followed him to forest. There he fainted and fell down. Yamadharma Raja came down to take the lives of my husband. While he was taking away the lives of my husband, I followed him. I praised him and got four boons One is to get back the lives of my husband, the second is to restore your eye sight. The third is to restore your kingdom and the last is to bless my father with 100 sons . In this way I could save my husband from death" said Savitri.

Dyumatsena praised Savitri with great admiration. Later, the friends of Dyumatsena arrived and informed him that his enemies quarrelled among themselves and died. Now the kingdom is waiting for his rule. Dyumatsena again became the king of Salva Kingdom and Satyavanta was incornated as Yuva Raja. Savitri enjoyed all kingly pleasures.

Dharmajaa! like Savitri, your wife Droupadi also bring back your pleasures and riches and kingdom." said Markandeya.

Now Janamejaya asked Saint Vaisampaayana about the story of Indra taking away Kavacha and Kundala of Karna. Vaisampayana continued to say.

"Pandavas almost completed their 12 years period of Vana Vasa. At that time, Indra, father of Arjuna, thought that he should do some help to Pandavas. As long as Karna had Kavaca and Kundala on his body, Arjuna cannot kill him. Hence he wanted to take away those Kavaca and Kundala by some means or other.

Soorya (sun god) the father of Karna, came to know about this plan. He came down to Karna in the attire of a Brahmin and told Karna while he was alone.

"Karna! To safeguard your interest and your life I will tell you a few words. Indra is intending to take away your Kavaca and Kundala. Those Kavaca and Kundala are immortal. As long as they are attached to your body, none will kill you. Dont be cheated by Devendra." said Sun God.

"I do not know who are you. Kindly reveal your identify" asked Karna.

"Karna! I am Soorya, sun god. I got love and affection upon you. Hence I have come down to caution you" said Soorya.

"O Deity Soorya! I worship brahmins and I will give away whatever they want. If Devendra comes down in the attire of Brahmin and asks me, I will give away even my life. These Kavaca and Kundala are nothing before Devendra. If Devendra, in violation of Dharma, comes down to me in disguise, it will spoil his fame. It will add another feather in my crown. Nothing is more than name and fame in this world. It will safeguard us like mother. All woes will encircle a defamed person. Fulfilling the wishes of Brahmins, killing my mighty enemies, safeguarding refugees, not killing brahmins, old and children are my vows. I cannot violate them. Even if Devendra comes down and asks my Kavaca and Kundala, I will gladlygive them without any hesitation" said Karna in firm voice.

"OKarna! you are paying deaf ear to the words of your well wishers. What is the result of getting fame which will cause harm and hardship to you and your people? First you save your life. If you are alive, you may get more name and fame. If you are alive, your wife and children will enjoy the royal pleasures. After death, man will be reduced to ashes. He cannot perceive his name and fame after death. You are worshipping me. It is my duty to safeguard your interests. Besides that, there is a divine secret also which will be known to you in course of time. Arjuna is your enemy. If Kavaca and Kundala are on your body, Arjuna can never kill you. Listen my words" told Soorya.

"O Soorya! I am very much thankful to you, for your kind words. Dont be angry. I cannot violate my self- imposed discipline. Dont think that I cannot kill Arjuna. I got many Astras and Sastras given by Parasurama, Drona. They are not ordinary missiles, with the help of which I will kill Arjuna. Please dont think otherwise. Shower your blessings upon me" Karna bowed before Surya.

"Karna! if you decide to give away your Kavaca and Kundala to Indra, kindly do one thing. There is one weapon with Indra, called Sakti. Instead of Kavaca and Kundala, take Sakti from him. It will kill Arjuna." so saying, Surya went away.

Karna was waiting for the arrival of Devendra.

At this juncture, Janamejaya asked saint Vaisampaayana "O Saint! you told me that there was a divine secret about the birth of Karna. Kindly tell me" asked Janamejaya. Vaisampaayana continued to say:

"Kunti Devi, also called Prudha, was the daughter of King Kunti Bhoja. Prior to her marriage, one day, saint Doorvaasa visited their house. Doorvaasa expressed his intention to remain in his house for some time and asked Kuntibhoja to depute one person who can serve him obediently.

Kuntibhoja deputed his daughtger, Kunti to serve saint Doorvasa. Kunti was serving saint Doorvaasa with utmost obedience and devotion.

At times, Saint Doorvaasa used to test her. He will say that he will come early morning but arrives late in the night. Kunti waited for him late in the night and served him. Some times he will say that he will come in the evening but arrived much in advance. Kunti, without giving room for any complaint, served Doorvaasa with utmost devotion.

Saint Doorvaasa was very much satisfied. "Kunti! I am leaving your house tomorrow. I am very much satisfied with your services. Choose anything you like. I will bless you" asked Doorvaasa.

"Your kind words that you are satisfied with my humble service itself is sufficient I do not want anything more" replied Kunti humbly.

"No. I will give you something. Ok. Now I will tell you one Mantra. If you chant this Mantra and invite any divine body, he will be under your control and bless you. But you should invite that divine personality while you were alone" so saying Saint Doorvaasa told her one Mantra and went away.

One day, Kunti after taking holy bath, sat at a lonely place. She intended to test the Mantra given by Saint Doorvaasa. At that morning hour, sun was coming out on his golden chariot. She fell in love with him. Kunti chanted Mantra and desired to have a son resembling Sun God.

With the power of that Mantra, Sun God appeared before him in human form.

"O Kunti! I am Sun. With the power of Mantra chanted by you, I have come. I will do whatever you intended in your mind." said Sun God. Kunti was in utter confusion.

"Oh Sun God! You have got nothing to be done here. Out of idle curiosity, I invited you by chanting Mantra. I do not want anything. Kindly leave this place " prayed Kunti.

"Kunti! certainly I will leave this place but only after fulfilling your desire. Tell me frankly. You desired to have a son through me with natural Kavacha and Kundala like me. I will fulfill your desire, if you agree to have intercourse with me. You will beget a son. Otherwise, your parents will be killed. Besides that, I will also reduce that Saint Doorvasa to ashes, as he gave that Mantra to you without knowing about your capacity. Look at the heaven. All the divine bodies are laughting at me." said Sun God with anger.

"O Sun God! Without the permission of my parents how can I accept for intercourse with you. Childishly, with an intention to test that Mantra, I did like this. Kindly excuse me" prayed Kunti. But Sun God did not agree. Still Kunti tried to convince Sun God.

" An unmarried girl, only after marriage in the presence of her parents, relatives and frineds, will enjoy sensual plealsures with her husband. But having intercourse with some other person before marriage is not Dharma. Is it proper on your part, to force me, to resort to Adharma. You are well aware of every dharma. If you feel it just and proper to have intercourse with me, without the knowledge of my parents, you can do as you please. I will bear that defame." surrendered Kunti.

(Here Sun God enunciated one strange concept which is being adopted nowadays by the youth under the guise of "love affairs" and it is being propagated in the writings of great writers and in the movies also.)

"O virgin lady! Your parents or relatives are not fit or proper to give away yourself in marriage. You are the sole owner of your body. What is the meaning of " a kanya" (an unmarried girl). One who can fulfil her own desires either sensually or otherwise, is "Kanya". It is your personal affair. Hence, there is nothing wrong in fulfilling your sensual desires without the knowledge of your parents or elders. If it is unworthy and adharma, how I can I propse this. Your virginity or chastity will never be spoiled with your intercourse with me. You will never be defamed. You will beget a glorious son through me." so saying Sun God convinced Kunti and had an intercourse with her and made her pregnant.

Her pregnancy was growing day by day, month my month. The fact that Kunti was pregnant was known only to her servant maid and none else. One night, Kunti delivered a male child with natural Kavacha and Kundala, long hands, strong and shining body. Unable to bear the defame, Kunti kept that child in a box and kept it on a smallboat tied it securely and left it in the river Asva. She wept aloud for mercilessly leaving the child in the river.

That boat travelled in the river and entered CharmaNvati river and from there it entered River Yamuna. At last the box entered River Ganga. When that box reached Pampa City, one soota called Athiradha, a friend of King Dhrutarashtra, was bathing in the river along with his wife Radha. He saw the box. Immediately he sent his men to fetch the box. He opened the box and found a boy with strong and shining body with natural Kavacha and kundala. He gave the child tohis wife Radha

"God is great. He blessed us with this child as we are issueless. This child is not an ordinary child. He might have been born to divinebodies. We will look after this child as our own son" said Atiradha.

His wife Radha was very happy. She hugged the child with motherly affection. As the child was having natural ear rings, he was named as Karna. He was also named as Vasu Sena as he was shining with golden colour.

In that manner, Soorya Putra became Soota putra. Kunti was enquiring about the welfare of the child from time to time. She came to know that the child reached a safest place.

Karna was growing day by day like the moon in Sukla Paksha. He joined Dronacarya and Krupacarya for learning archery. He also approached Parasurama and learnt archery. Later Karna became the friend of Duryodhana. Because of the friendship with Duryodhana, he opposed Pandavas and became bitter enemy to them. In that manner, Indra intended to take away the Kavaca and Kundala from Karna to safeguard the interests of Pandavas, especially of Arjuna, who is no other than his son.

One day, Indra, in the attire of Brahmin, came down to Karna. At that time, Karna was worshipping Sun God with great devotion. After pooja, Karna was giving gold and money to Brahmins.

Indra stood before Karna and asked "Bikshaam Dehi" (give me alms).

"Choose whatever you want?" asked Karna.

"Give me your Kavaca and Kundala" asked Indra.

Karna realised that that Brahmin is no other than Indra.

"O Brahmin! These Kavaca and Kundala are of no use to you. Instead, you can ask gold, silvler, money, diamonds etc." said Karna.

"No I want Kavaca and Kundala" said Indra.

"O Brahmin! if you desire, I will give away my Anga Desa." said Karna testing Indra.

Indra said "No. I want Kavacha and Kundala".

"O Brahmin! I know you are Indra. You are divine bodies and immortals. We are mortals. We have to worship you for boons. But you have come down and asking me. What is this? Is it not strange?" asked Karna.

"Karna! Your father, Sun God, might have told everything to you. Hence you could recognise me. Any how, please give me your Kavacha and Kundala" asked Indira

"If you give your "Sakti" to me, I will give my Kavaca and Kundala" said Karna

"Sure I will gladly give you. But it is useful only once. Generally, if I use it, it will kill the object and return back to me. In the same manner, even if you use it, it will kill your enemy and will return back to me but not to you. So it is useful only once." explained Indra.

Karna smiled. "Indra, the only enemy of mine is Arjuna. If your Sakti kills him, it is sufficient. My wish will be fulfilled" said Karna.

"I know your desire. You want to kill Arjuna. As long as Krishna is by his side, you cannot kill him" said Indra.

"Leave it. Killing Arjuna is my affair. If I cut my Kavacha from my body, my body will be disfigured. What is the remedy for this?" asked Karna.

"You need not worry. Your body will always shine like your father, Soorya." said Indra.

Then Indra gave his "Sakti" to Karna. In return, Karna cut his body and part with his Kavacha and Kundala. After receiving them, Indra went away.

On hearing this, Kourvas felt sad and Pandavas were jubilant.

Janamejaya, in this manner, Indra took away Kavacha and Kundalas from Karna" told Vaisampaayana.

Vaisampaayana continued to tell the story of Maha Bharat to Janamejaya.

While Pandavas were spending their last year in the forests, one day, a poor Brahmin came running.

"O great men, I hanged my churning stick (AraNi) to the branch of a tree. One deer came there running. The arani hanging to the branch tucked to its horns. The deer ran away with the churning stick. Kindly bring back my churning stick to me" requested Brahmin.

Dharmaja and his four brothers, wearing bows and arrows, chased that deer. But none of the arrows hit the deer. They were tired and sat under a tree and taking rest.

"Brother Dharmaja! we were born in a highest race, learnt all Dharma Sastras, and we were kind enough towards others. Still, why we are stricken with all these woes." asked Nakula.

"Nakula! either joy or sorrow in life will happen only due to our deeds and none else." said Dharmaja

"Nakulaa! on that day when Praatigaami brought Droupadi to Sabha, had we killed the Kouravas, we would not have been stricken with all these woes." said Bheema.

"Brother Bheemaa! Not only that, the main reason is that we kept quiet as cowards and proceeded to forests, without cutting the toungue of Karna when he maligned us. Had we cut the head of Sakuni on that day itself, all these would not have happened." said Sahadeva.

"Nakulaa, for the present, all your brothers are thirsty, find out whether there is water in the vicinity" asked Dharmaja.

Nakula climbed a tree and found a small pond nearby and told the same to Dharmaja.

"You go there, drink, and bring some water for us also" asked Dharmaja.

Nakula went near that pond When he was about to drink water he heard a voice "This pond is mine. If you want to drink water, you have to answer my questions".

Nakula did not care for those words, drank the water, came out of the pond and fell on the ground unconscious.

As Nakula did not return for a long time, Dharmana sent Sahadeva to find out what happened. Sahadeva also went near the pond, and heard the same voice. "This pond is mine. Dont drink the water without answering my questions". Nakula also did not heed those words, drank water, and fell unconscious.

"Arjuna! what happened to your brothers who have gone to fetch water. Kindly find out" said Dharmaja.

Arjuna went near the pond and heard the same voice "If anybody drinks water in this pond, without answering my questions, he will become unconscious".

"Who is there? Who are you? Why you are talking invisible? I will kill you" so saying he released Sabdavedi from his bow. There was no response; instead the same voice again was heard. Arjuna did not care those words, entered the pond, drank water and fell down as usual unconscious.

As his three brothers did not return for a long time, Dharmaja was very much annoyed. He sent Bheema to find out the reason. Bheemaa also went near the pond, heard the same voice, drank the water and fell unconscious.

Dharmaja could not wait for a long time. He himself went near the pond. He saw all his four brothers in an unconscious state. He keenly observed the vicinity. He did not find any other foot prints except his four brothers and himself. The reason for their unconscious state is not known. He entertained a doubt whether the water is poisonous. But there are no such symptoms on their body.

Dharmaja entered the pond and touched the water. He heard a voice from heaven. "O Dharmaja! I am a crane. This pond is mine. Without heeding my words, your brothers drank the water and fell unconscious. If you also drink water, you will also meet the same fate. Therefore first answer my questions and then consume water".

"I do not know whether you are Rudra, Agni or Vayu Otherwise, my brothers would not have fallen unconscious. Who are you? What is your intention" asked Dharmaja.

"Dharmaja! I am an Yaksha. Your brothers did not care for my words and fell down" appeared Yaksha in human form.

"Anybody who drink water wihout my permission, however high he may be, he will fell down. You are wise hence you did not consume water. So, answer my questions." said Yaksha.

"Yaksha! I am too small to answer your questions. Anyhow, I will answer to the best of my knowledge" humbly answered Dharmaja.

Yaksha: Who is running sun god? Who is worshipping sun god? What is sun-set? What is the basis for sun god?

Dharmaja: Brahma is running sun god. Divine bodies are worshipping sun-god. Sun will set with Dharma. Truth is the basis for Sun

Yaksha: How a man will become Srotriya? How a man will attain miracles? Who will help him? How a man will become wise?

Dharmaja: By constant hearing, a man will become Srotriya, that means, by hearing, chanting and studying Vedas. (Sruta means hearing). By tapassu a man will attain miracles. His courage will always help a man. By serving wise and virtuous people, a man will become wise.

Yaksha: How a brahmin will attain divinity? How he will become humble? How he will become a bad character? How a brahmin will become a human?

Dharmaja: By chanting Vedas, a Brahmin will attain divinity. With great devotion he will get humbleness. If he loses his character, he will become bad. When a Brahmin did not observe cleanliness, with the fear of death, he will become human.

Yaksha: Who will be called Jeevanmrutha (one who is considered to be dead even he is alive).

Dharmaja: One who consumes food without offering the same to divine souls, guests, Pitaras (forefathers), and his servants working under him, is jeevanmrutha. His life is waste.

Yaksha: Which is heavier than earth"? What is longer than sky? Which goes faster than wind? Which grows more than grass?

Dharmaja: Mother is more heavier than earth. Father is longer than sky. Mind goes faster than wind. Mental agony grows faster than grass.

Yaksha: Which sleeps opening its eyes? Which does not move even after birth? Which does not think even though having a form. Which grows with speed?

Dharmaja: Fish sleeps opening its eyes. Egg does not move even after birth. Stone does not think even it has form. River grows faster by flowing speedily.

Yaksha: Who are the relatives for a traveller, patient, household and dead.

Dharmaja: Co-travellers for a traveller, good doctor for a patient, virtuous wife for household, the charity done by him while he was alive, for a dead person, are relatives.

Yaksha: On What Dharma depends? What is the basis for fame? What is the divine path? Which is the source for happiness?

Dharmaja: Dharma depends on compassion. Charity is the basis for fame. Truthfulness is the right path to attain divinity. Virtuous life is the source for eternal happiness.

Yaksha: Whcih is the soul for humanbeing? Who is a divine relative? Depending on which he lives? From which, humanbeing derives good qualities?

Dharmaja: Son is the soul for human-being. Wife is the godgiven relative. Human being lives depending on clouds. By charity, humanbeing derives good qualities.

Yaksha: Which is greatest Dharma of all? Which yields complete results? By leaving which we derive happiness? Friendship with whom will never spoil?

Dharmaja: Non-violence is the greatest dharma. Performing Yajnas and Yagas yields good results. By leaving egoism and pride, one derives happiness. Friendship with virtuous people will never spoil.

Yaksha: On whom the universe depends? By which food and water derive? What is poison? Which is the better time for performing ceremonies for ancestors.

Dharmaja: This universe depends on good and virtuous people. From clouds we derive food and water. Belongings of a brahmin are equivalent to poison. Whenever Brahmin arrives, ceremony should be performed.

Yaksha: By relinquishing which a person will be praised by one and all, one will be without sorrow, one will have riches and one will become happiest person.

Dharmaja: By leaving pride and arrogance, one will be praised by one all. He will never feel sad and sorrow. If one is not a miser, he willbe the richest person. By leaving greediness, one will become the happiest person.

Yaksha: Who is Purusha? Who is the richest person?

Dharmaja: One who gets name and fame is a Purusha. One who feels equally, the pleasure and sorrow, likes and dislikes, past and future, he will be the richest person.

Yaksha was very much satisfied with the answers given by Dharmaja.

"Dharmaja! you satisfied me with your apt and tactful answers. I want to restore the life of one of your brothers. Choose any one of your brothers" asked Yaksha.

"Please give away the life of Nakula" said Dharmaja.

"What? Leaving Bheema and Arjuna, why you have chosen Nakula?" asked yaksha.

"My father had two wives, Kunti and Madri. Myself, Bheema and Arjuna are the sons through Kunti, and Nakula and Sahadeva are the sons through Maadri. I am the eldest among the sons of Kunti, and Nakula is the eldest among the sons of Madri. Hence I have chosen his life, because it is Dharma" replied Dharmaja.

"O Dharmaja! I am very much satisfied with your righteousness. All your brothers will have rebirth." blessed Yaksha.

All the four brothers of Dharmaja woke up as if from sleep.

"O Great Yaksha! you are not an ordinary divine body. Kindly reveal me who are you?" prayed Dharmaja.

"Dharmaja! I am Yamadharma Raja. Your father. I want to see you. Hence I have come. I am the embodiment of truth, cleanliness, charity, tapassu, fame and wisdom. By observing the above virtues, one will never become a bad character. Choose whatever you like?" asked Yamadharma Raja.

"Yama Dharma Raja! a deer has taken away the churning shaft of a brahmin. Inspite of our best efforts we could not find the deer. Kindly restore the churning shaft to the brahmin" requested Dharmaja.

"Dharmaja! I am the same deer. Take this churning shaft and restore it to that Brahmin" Yama returned back the churning shaft.

"Dharmaja! all of you completed 12 years of aranya vaasa. The remaing one year you have to spend unrecognised by your enemies. I bless you with a boon. In that one year, whatever form you choose, you will have that form and you will not be recognised by any one. Choose some other boon I will give you" said Yama dharma raja.

"You are the super divine power. You are before me. What more can I ask? Kindly bless me that my mind will never transgress the right path and anger and delusion will never influence me in any manner.

Yamadharma accordingly blessed Dharmaja and disappeared.

Pandavas returned back to their Ashram and gave back the churning shaft to the Brahmin and had his blessings.

In this manner, Saint Vaisampaayana told Janamejaya the story of Mahabharat, that Pandavas and Droupadi completed the twelve years of forest life" told Sooti (the story teller) to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints gathered in Naimisaaranya on the occasion of performing Satra yaaga.

Maha Bharat – Aranya Parva – Saptamaasvaasa –

written by Errapraggada –

completed .

With this chapter, the entire Aranya Parva

written by Nannayya and Yerana

is completed.

Om tatsat.

MAHABHARAT - ARANYA PARVA - SIXTH CHAPTER

2007-09-30T10:23:00.000-07:00

Maha Bharat

Aranya Parva

Sixth Chapter

(Written by Yerra Praggada).

In Naimisaaranya, Ugrasravasu (sooti) son of Roma harshana continued to tell the story of Mahabharat to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints.

Janamejaya asked Vaisampaayana "O Saint! Suyodhana, who was habituated to cause harm to Pandavas alwlays, was captured by Gandharvas and rescued by Pandavas. How could he withstand that insult and reach Hastinapura. Suyodhana always boast himself that he was a man of self-respect. How could he control his anger and agony? What was the subsequent behaviour of Suyodhana? Kindly tell me" asked Janamejaya. Vaisampaayana continued to say:

After the rescue operation, Suyodhana, along with his brothers, wife, other kings and army went back and stayed at another place in that forest. He was feeling restlessness. He was not getting sleep. He was lying on a bed and weeping. At that time Karna came there. Karna did not know all these developments.

"Suyodhana! You got a magnificent victory over Gandharvas which is not possible for others. Suyodhana! I also fought with Gandharvas to my might. But our army did not cooperate with me. My chariot was broken. Hence I boarded the chariot of Vikarna and left the batte field. I heard that you won the battle. I am very happy" said Karna in a cheerful voice.

Suyodhana thought that Karna did not know the further developments. With a shameful face he told Karna.

"Karna! Myself and my brothers attacked Gandharvas effectively. There was a battle between me and Chitrasena. He captured me, my wife, my brothers and their wives, and other companions. In the meanwhile, our people approached Dharmaja. He sent his brothers. They rescued us from Chitrasena.

Karna! Is it possible for me to live on this earth even after undergoing such an insult and agony? It is useless. How can I rule this country! Will the people laugh at me! Had I died in the battle with Gandhrvas, I would have gone to Svarga. Hence, I have to die. There is no other go. Dussaasana will be your king. You proceed along with him to Hastinapura. I cannot comeback to Hastina.

Karna! How can I show my face to my father Dhrutarashtra and Grand father Bheeshma and mingle with my friends as before. All this is of my own accord. I cannot blame others. After all, one Gandharva captured me. What an insult! When my self-respect is withered away, it is better to die. I will self immolate myself. My decision is final" said Suyodhana.

"Dussaasana! Come on. I will enthrone you as the King of Hastinapura. Rule this earth with the help of Sakuni and Karna. Respect elders. Honor Brahmins. Worship your Gurus. Rule the people" told Suyodhana.

Dussaasana was weeping aloud and fell on the feet of Suyodhana. “Brother Suyodhana! Whatever it may be, you are the king and emperor of Kuru Dynasty. I cannot rule this country” Dussasana went and fell on the feet of Suyodhana.

Karna consoled Dussasana “Suyodhana, Dussasana! what is this? Why you are weeping like children? Be Brave. If your enemies know about this they will enjoy your sorrow. Suyodhana! A king of Chandra Vamsa shall not weep like this. Your body is meant to enjoy all sensual pleasures but not for self-immolation. Please change your mind.

You are telling you were rescued by Pandavas. It is not correct. The people who are living in one country safely and securely are the servants of the king of that country. Whenever the king is in trouble, it is their duty to save their king. Pandavas are living in your country, under your rule. They are your servants. When you are in trouble, it is their duty to save you. They discharged their duty. That is all. Why you are feeling like this.

Besides that, Pandavas lost their wealth and kingdom and they are your slaves. All their treasures and wealth belong to you. They have to serve you always. They have done some help to you. For that you need not worry. Let us proceed to Hastinapura” said Karna. Suyodhana did not heed to the words of Karna.

Sakuni also tried to pacify Suyodhana “Suyodhana! What Karna says is correct. I played dice game with Dharmaja and grabbed all his wealth and kingdom and gave it to you. You have not acquired Indraprastha kingdom by your vigour and valour. If you leave the kingdom given by me and self immolate yourself , I will be unhappy.

Since your childhood, you were brought up in princely plealsures. You never cared for elders. Therefore you are lacking in worldly knowledge. That is the reason why your mind often gets perturbed. You will be angry always. You have to overcome them with your bravery.

King should not be a coward, soft and timid. Pandavas did some help to you. In return you also can do some help to them. You invite them and honor them. Pandavas are good, intelligent and brave. If you wish, you can give back their kingdom. You will get eternal fame. Pandavas are your brothers. You both rule this country and be happy.” told Sakuni.

Suyodhana looked at Karna and Sakuni. “Why you are discouraging me. I have no desire on these wordly plealsures. I decided to immolate myself. Please dont stop me. You go anywhere as you like. Leave me alone” said Suyodhana.

“Where can we go leaving you alone? We never leave you. We also follow you wherever you go.” told Karna, Sakuni and Dussaasana.

After sunset, Suyodhana did all rituals and sat on a grass mat.

During that night, Raakshasas who were defeated by Devatas and living in underground, came to know all these developments. They approached their Guru Sukraacaarya and sought his advise. Sukraacaarya created one demon called Krutya and ordered her to bring Suyodhana to underground. Accordingly Krutya brought Suyodhana to underground All the Danavas hugged him and asked about his welfare.

“Suyodhana! you are a hero. You were born in Bharata Vamsa. Why have you taken such a mean decision? You know that a person who commits suicide will lose his name and fame. Is it proper on your part to resort to such heinous acts. Therefore, change your decision. Be brave and heroic. Fight with the enemies and defeat them.

You are not an ordinary human being. I will tell you your birth secret. Once we worshipped Lord Siva for his help, for our sake, Lord Sive created you on this earth. He made the upper portion of your body as hard as diamond. No weapon or arrow will harm the upper portion of your body. To help you, several Rakshasas were born as Kshatriyas. They are Bhagadatta etc. Though Bheeshma, Drona, Krupaacaarya were born with divine amsas, they are Raakshasas in their thinking. Therefore, they will mercilessly kill their kith and kin in the war.

We know that you are afraid of Arjuna.For that, We found a way out. Sri Krishna killed Narakasura. The Amsa of Narakasura is incarnated in Karna. Therefore, Karna is inimical towards Sri Krishna and Arjuna and will kill them in war. Because Devendra was afraid of Karna, he stole his Kavaca and Kundala in the form of a Brahmin, for the sake of his son Arjuna.

Besides that, lakhs of Rakshasas were born as Samsaptakas to kill Arjuna. Therefore, you will rule the entire universe. Leave sorrow and be brave” told all the Rakshasas to Suyodhana.

Then Krutya took him back and placed him in his cottage.

Next morning, Suyodhana woke up. He could not realise whether it was true or dream. He does not want to reveal about his dream to anybody. But he was self-confident about his victory over Pandavas.

Again Karna came to him early morning to make final trial to change his mind.

“Suyodhana! Even if you die, what will you achieve? You cannot defeat your enemies after your death. Therefore, committing suicide is not a solution for the problem. If you are alive, you can defeat your enemies and enjoy the plealsures. It is not a time to feel sorrow and undergo mental agony. I know you are afraid of Arjuna. I am taking a vow On completion of 13 years, I will kill Arjuna in the war. This is my solemn promise on my sword” said Karna with firm voice.

The words of Rakshasas coupled with the promise of Karna, raised new hopes in the mind of Suyodhana. He gave up the idea of self immolation. He returned back to Hastinapura along with his brothers, Karna and Sakuni.

One Day Bheeshma told Suyodhana “Suyodhana! by paying a deaf ear to our advise, you proceeded to Ghosha Yatra. You know what had happened. With the grace of Dharmaja, you could return back to Hastina otherwise you would have been in the prison of that Gandharva. You blindly believed Karna. But what he has done. He fled away from the battle field. When compared to Pandavas, he was not even 1/16th of their strength. He talks more and acts less. Dont spoil your name and fame by blindly believing him. Even now it is not too late. Mediate with Pandavas and give back their kingdom and be happy.” said Bheeshma.

Suyodhana did not attach any importance to his words and went away along with Karna and Sakuni. Then they three sat together.

“Karna! Dharmaja performed Rajasuya Yaga. I also intend to perform one such Yaga. Make suitable arrange- ments.” said Suyodhana.

“Start it immediately, Suyodhana. Send invitations to all the kings on this earth. Send for Brahmins and honour them. Let us construct Yaga Salas. Make arrangements for catering of food to all invitees and poor.” said Karna with greatest enthusiasm.

Suyodhana sent for Purohits and asked them to make arrangements for Rajasooya Yaga. But they objected.

“O King Suyodhana! Pandavas are your enemies. Unless you conquer them, you cannot perform Rajasuya Yaga. But there is another Yaga called Vaishnava Yaga. It was performed previously by Vasudeva. You can perform that Yaga.” told Purohits.

Suyodhana agreed for that. Suyodhana sought the permission of his father Dhrutarashtra, grandfather Bheeshma, Guru Drona and Krupaacaarya. He sent invitations to all the kings in his kingdom.

He sent one virtuous Brahmin to Dvaitavana to invite Dharmaja for the Yaga. He went to Dvaitavana and met Dharamaja.

“O King Dharmaja! Suyodhana is performing a Yaga. I am deputed to invite you on his behalf. Kindly come over to Hastina and grace the occasion.” told the Brahmin.

Dharmaja politely replied: “I am very happy to hear that Suyodhana is performing a Yaga. But as per our previous agreement, we are undergoing 13years Aranya and Ajnata vasa. It is not proper on our part to come to Hastinapura and take part in the Yaga. Kindly convey this message to your King” said Dharmaja.

But Bheema who was standing by his said said “On compleltion of our Aranya and Ajnaata vaasa, we will set the sacred fire and in that we will offer Suyodhana and his brothers as offerings to Agni. Tell this to your King” said Bheemaa. That Brahmin conveyed those words to Suyodhana.

Dhrutarashtra deputed Vidura to make arrangements for the Yaaga and also to receive all the Emperors, Kings, other dignatories arrived for the Yaga from the four corners of the earth and honour them. The yaga was completed successfully. Those who visisted the Yaga murmered that it is no match to the Rajasuya Yaga done by Dharmaja.

But Karna praised Suyodhana “Suyodhana! you have done the Yaga successfully. In the same way, you also conquer Pandavas and will perform RajasuyaYaga also. I wont wash my feet till I kill Arjuna in the war. It is my promise” said Karna.

Suyodhana hugged Karna “Karna! as long as you are by my side, it is not a great thing to conquer Pandavas.” praised Suyodhana.

In Dvaita vana, Dharmaja got a dream. In that Dream, some of the wild animals appeared before Dharmaja “O King! you are killing all the animals in this forest for the sake of your food and pleasure. Day by day, the number of animals in this forest is decreasing. Kindly leave this forest and save us” requested all the animals.

Dharmaja woke up. He realised his mistake. He consulted his brothers and decided to leave that forest and move to Kaamyaka vana. There also they lived only by consuming fruits, leaves and roots, without killing any kind of animals. They completed eleven years. The twelfth year was running.

One day, Saint Veda Vyasa visited their cottage in Kaamyakavana. Dharmaja received the saint and offered him Arghyam and Paadyam. Then Dharmaja asked Veda vyasa “O Saint! Elders are saying that Tapassu and charity are great. But which is greater, either Tapassu or Charity. Kindly tell me” asked Dharmaja.

Vedavyasa said: “Dharmaja! Charity means giving your own money to others. People love their money more than their own life. Whatever they do, either good or bad, they will toil only for earning money. Is it not greater, giving away such a hardearned money to others as charity, than performing Tapassu. Therefore, charity is greater than tapassu.

Generally, foolish people, will be giving away their illegally earned money, as charity. But they will never get any Punya. By giving his hard earned money, even if it is of smallest value, he will get Punya. Such a charity of hard earned money, shall me made only to deserving persons, at proper time and place.

I will tell you one story. Long ago, in Kurukshetra, there lived a Brahmin called Mudgal. He was very poor but truthful and virtuous. He will be offering food to his guests with what he had. He used to live by collecting the fallen grain in the fields after harvest. One day, Saint Doorvaasa visited his house. Mudgal received him and offered him arghyam, paadyam and food. Doorvasa ate and went away. Nothing remained for Mudgal to eat.

Again he collected grain for the next 15 days. Again Doorvasa visited his house. Mudgal offered him food. He ate and went away. In this way, on every fortnight--Full moon day (Pournami) and No-moon day (amavaasya), Doorvaasa visited his house, ate food and went away. Mudgal observed fasting and serving food to Doorvasa. Doorvaasa was astonished for his patience.

“O Mudgal! you are great. I have never seen such a charitable person like you. You are a virtuous personality. Without feeling any evil or anger in your mind, you have been serving food to me. Your charity, truthfulness, courage, not aspiring for others property are no other than your wealth. Tapassu is nothing but controlling the sense organs. You have achieved that tapassu. I am very much satisfied with your hospitality. You will attain heavenly abode soon” said Doorvaasa and went away.

One Divine personality brought a divine chariot to Mudgal. “O saint Mudgal! by your virtuous deeds, charity, truthfulness, you attained the status to enjoy the heavenly pleasures in Svarga loka. Come on. board this chariot. We will go to Svarga loka."

Mudgal smiled and asked him “Kindly tell me how Devaloka is and who will stay there?”.

That heavenly body told thus: Those who did Tapassu and attained Siddhi, those who performed yajnas and Yagas, those who always speak truth, those who conquered their sense organs, charitable people, those died in war will be living in heaven. Besides them, Apsarasas, Siddhis, divine saints, Maruts also will be staying there. Mountain Meru, Nandana garden are there. There will be no hunger and thurst in heaven. No disease or death. All are celestial bodies with great shining. There are no sorrows. Eternal happiness and pleasures are there.

Above Svarga, there is Brahma Loka. Manuvus, Great Saints will be living there. No rebirth. At the time of Pralaya, all the Lokas will be destroyed except Brahmaloka.

Human beings who acquired Punya on earth will enjoy pleasures in heaven. But he cannot acquire Punya in heaven. Heaven is meant only for enjoyment. After the acquired Punya is exhausted, the human beings shall return back to earth. Unable to forget the heavenly pleasures he enjoyed, the human beings will suffer mental agony on earth. Even those staying in heaven also will be suffering with jealousy about the celestial bodies staying in the higher levels.

Brahma Loka is eternal but Svargam is meant only for enjoyment of pleasures. Earth is Karma bhoomi to acquire punya or Paapa. I told you about heaven and earth. Come on letus go to heaven” invited the divine body.

“Sorry. I cannot come to heaven. I dont want those uncertain pleasures of heaven. I will try to attain the Loka from where I should not return back to earth. You can goback with your chariot” said Mudgal.

Then he became Jnaana Yogi. He shed Raaga and Dvesha. He attained Moksha. Therefore, Dharmaja, dont feel sorry for losing your kingdom. You will get it back at proper time” said Veda Vyasa and went away.

After some days, one day, Pandavas went into the forest for hunting. Droupadi along with her servant maids and Dhoumya remained in the cottage. At that time, Jayadhradha (popularly known as Saindhava), the King of Sindhu, along with his friends and Army, while going to marry the princess of King Salva, was passing through Kaamyaka vana. He saw Droupadi waiting for Pandavas at the door. He was amazed of her beauty. A lustful desire developed in his mind for her. He called his friend Kotikaasya

“My dear friend, look at her. Is she not beautiful and passionate. I want her. Go and find out her details” said Jayadhradha. Kotikaasya went near Droupadi.

“Oh beautiful lady! who are you? Why are you staying here in this thick forest? Are you Vanadevatha or Sachee Devi wife of Indra or Goddess Lakshmi? Who is your husband? What is your name? I am Kotikaasya, a heroic mighty poersonality. They are the Kings of Trigartha, Kalinga and Sindhu. Jayadhradha, the king of Sindhu wants you. He fell in love with you. Enjoy all pleasures with him” said Kotikaasya.

Droupadi was annoyed about his talking. “Brother Kotikasya! I am the daugher of Panchala King. My name is Krishna. I am the wife of Pandavas. I am living along with them in this forest. In a shortwhile my husbands will come and receive you. Till then you can wait here” she went inside the cottage.

Kotikasya went and reported the matter to Jayadhradha. Jayadhradha went inside the cottage.

“O Droupadi! Are you safe! Are pandavas happy?” asked Jayadhradha.

“Brother Jayadhradha all are happy and safe You are our guest Kindly be seated. Pandavas will come and honour you.” said Droupadi.

“Droupadi! I fell in love with you I lust you. I want you. Come on. Come along with me and board my golden chariot” asked Jayadhradha.

Droupadi was frightened with these words. She was eagerly waiting for the arrival of her husbands. Till their arrival, she wanted to whileaway time with him by talking some thing or other.

“Brother Jayadhradha! You are the husband of Dussala, daughter of Dhrutarashtra. Dussala is the sister of my husbands. Therefore, you are my brother. Is it proper on your part to speak like this.” requested Droupadi.

“Oh Droupadi! Kings need not observe such sentiments with regard to ladies. Kings can enjoy sensual plealsures as they like. It cannot be said that ladies are ones own property. Ladies are meant for enjoyment and enjoyable by all.” said Jayadhradha.

Droupadi grew angry. “You dirty fellow born in Kshatriya community! Knowing fully well about Pandavas and about their vigour and valour, you are insulting me. You will wreak the consequences severely. You know about Bheema. You are pulling the hair of lion lying in the den. You know about Arjuna and his Gandeevam. If he grew angry, you will not remain on this earth. Insulting Nakula and Sahadeva is nothing but crushing the cobras with your feet. Viewing from any angle, your life has come to an end.” said Droupadi in a firm voice.

Jayadhradha laughed at her. “I know much about your husbands and about their heroism. We are also heroes. Without saying any other word, come on board the chariot” asked Jayadhradha.

“Jayadhradha! I am the wife of great warriors. I need not speak to you any more. Again I am cautioning you. Pandavas are my husbands. Sri Krishna is my brother They will kill you. Take care” cautioned Droupadi.

Jayadhradha did not heed her words. He dragged her to the chariot by pulling her saree. He lifted her and kept her on the chariot and went away driving the chariot. His army and friends followed him. Dhoumya, on seeing this, followed the chariot of Jayadhradha crying aloud by saying “You are kshatriya. You should not act like this. Leave her” requested Dhoumya running after the chariot.

In the meanwhile, Pandavas arrived at the cottage. The servant maid told them what had happened. Pandavas chased the chariot of Jayadhradha. On the way, they found Dhoumya. They picked him up and followed Jayadhradha and found them. Jayadhradha asked Droupadi to identify Pandavas. “There is no use of identifying Pandavas now. Your fate is sealed. You are destined to die” told Droupadi.

. Jayadhradha instigated his army to fight against Pandavas. There was a big fight between them. Bheema attacked Kotikaasya and killed him. The kings of Trigartha, Sudhanva, and Suradha were killed in the battle. Arjuna killed Angaaraka, Kunjara, SRunjaya, Sukta, Satrunjaya, Suprabuddha, Subhamkara, Bhramankara, Soora, Radhi, Guhaka, Balaadhya in the battle.

On seeing this Jayadhradha pulled down Droupadi to ground and fled away on his chariot. Arjuna told Bheema “O Brother Bheema! Jayadhradha fled away. Stop killing these innocent persons. Let us catch Jayadhradha” said Arjuna.

All of them came to Droupadi. Droupadi requested Bheema not to leave Jayadhradha and kill him mercilessly. Arjuna requested Dharmaja, Nakula and Sahadeva to go back along with Droupadi and Dhoumya.

Arjuna and Bheema chased Jayadhradha and caught him. Bheema beat him indiscriminately. He lost consciousness.

“Bheemaa, dont beat him any more. He may die” said Arjuna. Bheema took out a sharp knife and shaved his head with five tufts. “Jayadhradha! whereever you go, you should tell ‘I am the slave of Pandavas’ otherwise you will die” ordered Bheema. Then Bheema and Arjuna tied him to the chariot and brought him before Dharmaja. Dharmaja chastised him and let him off. Droupadi laughed at him.

Jayadhradha went to the banks of Ganges and did penance about Lord Siva. Siva appeared before him. “O Lord Siva! I should conquer Pandavas and their army in the war. Please bless me with this boon” requested Jayadhradha.

“It is impossible. No one can defeat Pandavas. As you requested, I will bless you in this way. Only for one day, you will be able to defeat Pandavas except Arjuna” disappeared Lord Siva. Jayadhradha went back to his kingdom.

Later, on one day, Saint Markandeya came to Dharmaja. Dharmaja offered him Arghyam and Paadyam and while taking rest, he asked the saint “O Saint Markandeya! myself, my four brothers and our wife Droupadi are suffering a lot in these forests for a long time. Are there any body who also suffered like us in forests?” asked Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya started to tell the story of Rama.

"Dharmaja! in Ishvaaku Dynasty, there was a king called Aja. His son was Dasaradha. He married three wives. They are Kousalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra. He begot Rama through Kousalya, Bharata through Kaikeyi, and Lakshmana and Satrughna through Sumitra.

Pulastya was Bhramha Maanasa Putra. His son was Vaishravana. Without heeding the words of his father Pulastya, Vaishravana did Tapassu about Brahma. He desired to have a son called Nalakoobara, over all control on the entire treasures on this earth, Lanka kingdom, and friendship with Siva. Brahma blessed him with all the above desires.

His father Pulastya did not relish this. He created one Vishravasu from his body and directed him to do harm to Vaishravana. Knowing about this, Vaishravana approached Vishravasu “I am like your son. Kindly show mercy” so saying Vaishravana gave three girls who are wellversed in music and dance, by name Pushpotkata, Malini and Baka.

All the three girls were serving Vishravasu who blessed them with children. Pushpotkata gave birth to Ravana and Kumbha Karna, Malini gave birth to Visheeshana, Baka gave birth to twins, Khara and Soorpakhana. Of them Ravana was a brave hero with good valour. He got ten heads. Kumbha Karna was cruel hearted and proud. Vibheeshana was kind hearted, soft and virtuous. Khara and Soorpakhana were wicked unruly and sinful characters. They learned Vedas and Sastras, and archery from their father, Visravasu.

One day Vaishravana (also called as Kubera) came down to see Visravasu and his children. Ravana and others were amazed about his laxurious life and wealth. They came to know that Kubera acquired that wealth only by doing Tapassu.

Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Vibheeshana did Tapassu for thousand years. Soorphakhana and Khara were looking after their comforts during Tapassu. Still, Brahma did not appear. Ravana cut one of his heads and put it in the sacred fire. Brahma did not come down. For every thousand years, he cut one of his heads and sacrified it in the sacred fire. Thus ten thousand years completed. Nine heads of Ravana were sacrificed. Lord Brahma did not appear. Ravana was ready to sacrifice his tenth head also to sacred fire. Lord Brahma appeared before them.

“O Lord Brahma! I should not be killed either by divine bodies like Devatas, Pitaras, Gandharvas, Vidyaadharas, or by Yakshas Rakshasas, snakes. I should be blessed with power to go anywhere and everywhere, in any form as I wish, (Kama Roopa) in this universe.” prayed Ravana. Brahma blessed him with all the above desires except death at the hands of human beings.

Then he asked Kumbhakarna about his desire. Kumbhakarna, driven by fate, prayed for a sound sleep. Brahma readily blessed him with his desire.

Then he asked Vibheeshana about his desire. “O Lord! even under any untoward circumstances and ugly and worst situations, I should not react in any sinful manner or act against Dharma. Kindly bless me with Brahmaastra.” prayed Vibheeshana. Lord Brahma was very much satisfied with his virtuous character.

“Though you were born as Danava, you are virtuous. You are blessed with all the boons you have asked. Besides that, you will attain divinity.” Lord Brahma disappeared.

With the strength and power of the boons of Lord Brahma, Ravana attacked Lanka City. On hearing the power of Ravana, Kubera fled away with his Pushpakam (aeroplane). Ravana chased him, caught him and grabbed his Pushpakam. Then Ravana attacked Devaloka and conquered Indra and other Divine bodies.

Unable to bear his atrocities, all Saints, divine bodies approached Brahma and told him about Ravana.

“I have already discussed this matter with vishnu and taken a decision. Sri Maha Vishnu will born as human being and kill Ravana. Indra and other divine bodies will born as monkeys and bears to help him. One Yakshini by name Dundubhi will born as Mandhara and will execute this task.” said Brahma.

Accordingly, Maha Vishnu was born as Rama to the Ikshvaaku King, Dasaradha. All the divine bodies were born as monkeys and bears on earth with huge bodies and enormous strength and courage.

Rama and his brothers studied Vedas and Sastras, Archery. Dasaradha performed their marriages. Rama married Sita, daughter of Janaka, King of Midhila.

Dasaradha decided to enthrone Rama as future king and fixed Muhurat.

At that time Mandhara, the servant maid of Kaikeyi, the second wife of Dasradha, went to Kaika and told her

“O Kaika! you are the second wife of Dasaradha. It appears that your husband does not like you at all. You blindly loved him and believed him. You are cheated by your husband. When your son Bharata is readily available, Dasaradha is enthroning Rama as future king. From tomorrow onwwards, you will be the slave of Kousalya, mother of Rama. Mind it. Wake up and do the needful” said Mandhara.

On hearing these words of Mandhara, Kaika immediately went to Dasaradha. “O my beloved husband! Kindly remember that you have given me a word to ful ful my desire whenever I ask. Now I am asking you. Please keep up that word.”

Without knowing the background, Dasaradha readily agreed for it.

“My son Bharatha should be the future king of Ikshvaaku Kingdom. Rama should proceed to forests for a period of 14years. Kindly accept my proposal” asked Kaika.

On hearing these words, Dasaradha fainted and fell down and lost consciousness. Rama came to know about the desire of his step mother Kaika. Rama proceeded to forests along with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana. Dasaradha regained consciousness and heard that Rama, Sita and Lakshmana went to forests. Unable to bear that mental agony, Daradha died.

Kaika sent for Bharatha who was staying in his grandfather’s house. On his arrival Kaika said: “My son Bharata! Your father, Dasaradha died. Your brothers went to forests. You are the sole heir of this kingdom. Therefore, proclaim yourself as King and rule this kingdom.” said Kaika.

Bharata could not control his anger. He cursed his mother Kaika. “Ammaa! You brought bad name to Soorya Vamsa. You sent my brothers and sister in law to forests and killed my father. Is there any end for your sinful ideas?

Bharata completed the funeral rituals to his father. Bharata proceeded to forest along with his mothers, ministers and brother Satrughna. He met Rama and fell on his feet and prayed for excuse.

“Brother Rama! The Ayodhya kingdom is yours. You come back to Ayodhya and rule this country.” requested Bharata.

Rama did not agree. At last Bharata requested for the footwear of Rama and brought it to Ayodhya. He kept the footwear of Rama on throne and ruling the country on behalf of Rama and was waiting for the arrival of Rama.

Rama, Sita and Lakshmana wento to Dandakaaranya and were staying on the banks of River Godavari. At that time, Soorphakhana, sister of Ravana arrived there and tried to do harm to Rama, Sita and Lakshmana. Lakshmana cut her nose and ears and insulted her.

She went to her brother Khara and Dooshana and told them about her insult. Khara and Dhooshsana went upon Rama and Lakshmana with 14,000 rakshasas. Rama killed all of them. Then Soorphakana went to Ravana, fell on his feet and wept.

Ravana grew angry “Soorpakhana! Who cut your ears and nose. Tell me about him. His life will come to an end. I will kill him.” said Ravana. Soorpakhana told Ravana what had happened in detail.

Immediately, Raavana went to Gokarnam where Maareeca is living. Maareeca was once worked as Minister to Ravana. Earlier, he was defeated by Rama and at pesent staying at Gokarna and doing Tapassu about Siva..

“Maareeca! a human being called Rama killed Khara and Dooshana and his entire army. Now Rama is staying in Dandakaranya. We have to attack him and cause harm to him. You have to help me.” said Ravana.

On hearing these words, Maareeca betan to shiver. “Ravana! Rama is not an ordinary humanbeing. You might not have heard about his vigour and valour. Even Lord Siva cannot face the arrow of Rama. Bad time is ahead of you. That is why you are thinking like this. Kindly give up this idea. I am living peacefully doing Tapassu about Siva.” said Maareecha.

“What are you talking! If you dont heed my words, I will kill you now itself” threatened Raavana.

“It is better to die at the hands of Rama instead of Ravana” thought Maareeca. “Raavana! I am at your disposal” said Maareeca.

“You transform into a golden deer and just wander before Rama’s wife Seeta and lure her. Seeta will ask Rama to bring that deer. Rama will go out to fetch you. Then I will abduct Seeta. Unable to bear the separation from his wife, Seeta, Rama will suffer mental agony. That is what I want” said Ravana.

Accordingly, Maareeca went to the place where Rama and Seeta are staying. In the form of a golden deer he was moving at the cottage of Rama. Seeta saw that deer. She requested Rama to bring that deer. Driven by fate, Rama went behind that deer. That deer ran away. Rama chased that deer for a long distance. Then he realized that it was a trap laid by Raakshasas. He shot that deer by his arrow. Maareecaa cried aloud “Haa Lakshmanaa! Haa Seetaa!” fell down and died.

Seeta heard those cries of Maareeca “Lakshmanaa! It seems your brother is in danger. Go and save him” said Seeta.

“Ammaa Seetaa! Rama is a great hero. He will never be in trouble. Rama will return after killing the enemies” replied Lakshmana.

Seeta grew angry. She suspected Lakshmana. “Lakshmana! I could understand your bad intention. I will even die than to be seduced by you.” said Seeta.

Lakshmana closed his eyes and ears. He went in search of Rama. Ravana who was waiting for that opportunity, entered the Ashram in the attire of a Sanyasi.

Seeta received Ravana and offered him water and fruits. Ravana amazed about the beauty of Sita. He looked at her with lustful looks. He revealed himself.

“Sita! I am Ravana. I am the king of Lanka. Love me I will be your husband. You can enjoy all pleasures in this world. After all Rama is nothing before me. You cannot suffer all these troubles in this forest along with him. Love me. Come along with me” Ravana enticed Sita.

“You are a great king It is not proper on your part to speak like that. I will never think about any other person except Rama in my mind” said Seeta and tried to go away.

Ravana caught Sita, and flew away towards Lanka. Seeta raised hue and cry and requested all Divine bodies to save her.

One eagle heard her cries. His name was Jataayuvu. Jataayuvu attacked Ravana and fought with him. Ravana cut his two wings. Jataayuvu fell down on the ground. Ravana proceeded towards Lanka. In a helpless condition Seetaa was looking down. She saw some monkeys on a mountain peak. . She removed some of her ornaments, tied it in a cloth and dropped the bundle near those monkeys.

Ravana reached Lanka and kept her in Ashoka vana Ravana deputed some rakshasa ladies to guard her.

( “It appears that even in Tretayuga, it was a custom that whenever any lady was arrested and kept in prison, only ladies should be deputed to guard them. Though Ravana was a Rakshasa and an autocrat and a ruthless ruler, he followed that custom.

Now a days, that rule is not being followed. Lady police stations are for namesake. Only males are deputed to guard female prisoners also. Though there are provisions in several laws that ladies should not be arrested and kept in police stations during nights, only female constables shall be deputed to guard female prisoners, only lady police officers shall interrogate lady prisoners, none are following them. The worst is that even “Mahila Courts” are manned by Male Officers.”)

After killing Maareeca, Rama returned to his Ashram. On the way he saw Lakshmana. “Lakshmana! You know that Rakshasas are wondering in this forest. How you left Seeta alone? Let us go fast.”

They both went to Ashram and did not find Seeta They searched for Seeta but in vain. While they were going in forest in search of Seeta, they found Jataayuvu. “Rama! my name is Jataayuvu I am a friend of your father, Dasaradha. Ravana,the Rakshasa King, abducted your wife Sita and proceeded towards south. On hearing her cries, I attacked Ravana. But he cut my wings.” so saying, Jatayuvu died.

After performing the necessary funeral rites to Jatayuvu, Rama and Lakshmana proceeded towards south in search of Sita. On the way, they found one strange creature. He was Kabandha. His eyes were in his chest and his mouth was in his stomach. His hands were too long. With his hands, Kabandha caught Lakshmana and tried to eat him.

“O Rama! I am caught by this strange creature. Save me” cried Lakshmana. Rama cut the hands of Kabandha and rescued Lakshmana. Lakshmana stabbed Kabandha with a knife. That strange creature transformed into a divine male.

“I am a Gandharva. My name is Visvaavasa. I got this Rakshasa birth due to the curse of Brahma and renunciation by the appearance of Rama. Ravana, the King of Lanka abducted your wife Sita and kept her in Lanka. If you proceed further, you will reach Pampa river. After that, there is a hill called Rushyamooka. Sugreeva, brother of Vali is staying on the hill, Rushyamooka. Sugreeva will make friendship with you. Your task will be accomplished with his friendship.”said Gandharva and went away.

Rama and Lakshmana proceeded towards Pampa river. Rama remembered Sita and began to weep. “Brother Rama! Mighty and brave personalities like you should not weep like this. You have to face the troubles with brave and patience. I am your brother, your servant. You should not be depressed like this” consoled Lakshmana.

Rama and Lakshmana reached Rushyamooka Hill. Sugreeva and his ministers staying on the hill saw Rama and Lakshmana. Sugreeva sent Hanumanta to know their whereabouts. Hanumanta tactfully gathered entire information about Rama and reported to Sugreeva. Sugreeva offered his friendly hand to Rama. They both became friends. Sugreeva showed the bundle of jewellery dropped by Sita, to Rama. Rama identified all the jewellary.

“My brother, Vali invaded my kingdom and drove me away. I am taking shelter on this hill. I request you to kill Vali and restore my kingdom. I will help you in searching your wife, Sita." said Sugreeva.

Rama agreed for this proposal. All have gone to the capital, Kishkindha. Sugreeva invited Vali for dual battle. While Vali was going to fight with Sugreeva, his wife Tara stopped him. “It appears that Sugreeva got help from others. I heard that Rama and Lakshmana sons of Dasaradha made friendship with Sugreeva. It seems that wife of Rama was abducted by Lanka king Ravana. Rama sought the help of Sugreeva. In return Rama agreed to help Rama. Besides that, mighty personalities like Mainda, Hanuma, Jambavanta are his ministers. At this juncture, it is not proper for you to fight with Sugreeva. I do not like it” said Tara wisely.

But Vaali did not heed the words of Taara. He went upon Sugreeva for a battle. “Sugreeva! I chased you many times and drove you away. Why you have again come for battle? asked Vali.

“You have taken away my kingdom, my wife and my pleasures. What is the use of my remaining alone. Hence I want to fight with you” said Sugreeva.

Vaali and Sugeeva were fighting with each other fiercely. To identify Sugreeva, Hanuma put a garland in the neck of Sugreeva. Rama killed Vaali by hiding behind a tree. Rama made Sugreeva as the King of Kishkindha.

“Rama! you kept your word. I will also keep my word. Now it is monsoon. After monsoon, I will send all my army in search of Sita.” said Sugreevaa.

In Lanka, Sita was spending time with the thoughts of Rama. Rakshasa ladies Tryakshi, Tristani, Ekapaada, Deerghajihva, Ajihva, Trijata, Ekalocana were sitting around Sita and guarding her. They are instigating Sita to marry Ravana otherwise they will kill her and eat her.

Sita was requesting them time and again that she will never thought about another man except Rama in her mind and requested them to kill her and relieve her from this agony. All the Rakshasa ladies except Trijata went to Ravana about this.

“Sita! You are not alone here. One Rakshasa called Avindhya likes your husband, Rama very much. He sent me here to look after your comforts. Rama and Lakshmana knew that Ravana abducted you. They met Sugreeva and made friendship with him. Sugreeva is making arrangements for your search. On account of Rambha, Nala koobara cursed Ravana that he should not touch any other lady against her will. Hence Ravana will never molest you.

Last night, I got a dream. In that dream, Ravana, applied oil to his body, with disturbed hair, was proceeding southwards, on a chariot driven by donkeys. He was surrounded by Kumbhakarna and other Rakshasas, with disturbed hair, and without clothes. All are proceeding towards south. Vibheeshana, decorated with white flowers, with a white umbrella, was sitting on a white hill with his ministers.

I also saw Rama in my dream. Rama was going on a big elephant along with Lakshmana consuming sweet milk. My dream will become true. You will join your husband soon” said Trijata. On hearing the consoling words of Trijata, the agony of Sita subsided to some extent.

Ravana continued his trials to win the favour of Sita. In the early morning, Ravana came down to Asoka Vana. “O Sita! I like you I fell in love with you. Why you are depressing and spoiling your health like this. I am yours. You rule me. I obey your orders. I conquered all Devatas, yakshas, Rakshasas. Several ladies are under my control. But I am under your control. It is your fortune. Tell me who is Rama? A human being wandering in forests, leaving his kingdom. A tiny personality. It is silly even now to think about him. What pleasure you enjoy with him? But I am the king of Kings. 14 crore rakshasas are serving me. 86 crores Yakshasa are under my thumb. The Great Trasurer of this Universe, Kubera, is my brother. Visravasa is my father. All Gandharva ladies and Apsarasas are seving me always. All the treasures and pleasures in the house of Devendra are readily in my palace. Be a Queen of all these riches and pleasures. Enjoy yourself” said Ravana.

On hearing all these words patiently, Sita kept a grass piece in between her and Ravana and said “O Ravana! I am another’s wife, thinking about my husband always. I am a human being. You are Rakshasa. I never love you. How can you enjoy sensual plealsures with a woman who do not love you. You told me that you are the grandson of Lord Brahma and the brother of Kubera. Such a great man like you should know about Dharma. You should not shamessly talk like this.” told Sita in a sobbing voice.

Ravana went back with great disappointment.” said Saint Markandeya to Dharmaja, the story of Ramayana.

MAHA BHARAT - ARANYA PARVA –

6TH CHAPTER - COMPLETED.